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1Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute2Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errors3Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesA “connection refused” error means the client reached an address where no process accepted the connection—or it tried the wrong address or port. First identify whether the refused connection is from Capybara to ChromeDriver or from Chrome to the application under test. Those are separate network links, and the fix depends on which one failed.
Identify which connection is refused
Read the full error and record the refused hostname, port, and caller. A Capybara/Ruby process may be trying to reach a WebDriver endpoint; after that, the browser may independently try to load your application. Do not change both endpoints at once: isolate the failing link first.
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- WebDriver endpoint: the test process cannot connect to ChromeDriver or Selenium.
- Application URL: the browser cannot connect to the app it is meant to test.
The available details do not specify your service names, port mappings, process placement, or refused URL, so there is no single safe setting to prescribe. Use the hostname and port from your actual error in the checks below.
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Fix the address for your Docker Compose layout
Compose containers on the same network can discover each other by service name. Docker recommends service names rather than container IP addresses, which can change when a container is recreated. A container-to-container connection uses the destination container’s listening port; a published host port is for access from outside the Compose network. See Docker’s Networking in Compose.
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Test and ChromeDriver share one container
Loopback, such as 127.0.0.1 or localhost, may be correct when the client and server share a network namespace. Google’s standalone ChromeDriver example uses 127.0.0.1:9515 for a single-host setup; that does not make it the right address when ChromeDriver is in a separate container. See ChromeDriver: Getting started.
ChromeDriver or the app runs in another Compose service
Use the destination service’s Compose name and its container port, and make sure the caller and destination share a network. For example, if the service is named chromedriver and its process listens on port 9515, the address from another service is typically http://chromedriver:9515—provided that is the actual listener and both services share a network. Do not substitute a host-published port or a remembered container IP without confirming the setup.
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Apply the same rule to the app URL loaded by Chrome: use an address Chrome can resolve and reach from its own container, not an address that works only from the host machine.
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- Confirm the services are running: run
docker compose psand inspect the relevant service logs withdocker compose logs <service-name>. - Inspect network membership: identify the Compose network, then run
docker network inspect <network-name>. Confirm the calling and target containers are attached to the same network. - Test from the caller’s container: use
docker compose exec <calling-service> <available-network-check-command> <target-service-name> <container-port>. Use a diagnostic command installed in that image; minimal images may not include tools such ascurlornc. Testing from the host alone does not establish that the caller container can resolve or reach the target. - Verify the listener: check the target service’s logs and process configuration to confirm ChromeDriver or the application is running and listening on the expected interface and port before the client connects.
Docker documents docker network inspect and docker compose exec as tools for checking network configuration and connectivity. See Docker’s Compose networking guidance.
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Choose a Capybara driver that matches the test
| Driver approach | Use it when | What it means for this error |
|---|---|---|
| RackTest | The test does not need JavaScript or a real browser. | It does not start a browser or execute JavaScript, so it does not solve a Selenium/ChromeDriver connectivity issue. |
| Selenium-backed Chrome | The test exercises browser behavior or JavaScript. | Configure the driver for where Chrome and ChromeDriver run in your CI or Compose environment; check the WebDriver and app endpoints separately. |
Capybara documents RackTest’s JavaScript limitation and its Selenium integration in its driver documentation. Do not switch to RackTest as a workaround if the test requires browser JavaScript.
Keep ChromeDriver access restricted
ChromeDriver allows local connections by default. If a separate service must connect remotely, configure allowed IPs for the intended clients and protect ChromeDriver and Selenium ports. Do not expose an unrestricted automation endpoint just to get past an address error. See ChromeDriver security considerations.
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Troubleshoot by symptom
- The error names
localhostor127.0.0.1: determine whether the client and destination actually share a network namespace. If they are separate services, use the destination’s service name on their shared Compose network. - The hostname resolves, but the connection is refused: confirm the target process is running, listening on the port you configured, and ready before the test connects. A service name resolving correctly does not prove that an application listener is available.
- The host can reach a published port, but another container cannot: configure the client to use the target’s container port and service name for Compose-network traffic.
- ChromeDriver starts, but the browser cannot load the app: inspect the application URL from Chrome’s container context. This is an app reachability problem, not necessarily a WebDriver endpoint problem.
- The test expects JavaScript but uses RackTest: select a Selenium-backed Chrome driver and configure its endpoints for the container layout.
- Remote access fails after adding restrictions: verify that the intended client address is allowed, while keeping the driver port protected.
Or skip the browser setup
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Frequently Asked Questions
Does a refused connection tell me whether ChromeDriver or the app is broken?
No. Use the refused URL and identify which process made the request; Capybara-to-WebDriver and browser-to-app are separate connections.
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Should I use the Compose host port between containers?
Normally no. Containers on the shared Compose network connect to the destination service name and its container port; published host ports are for access from outside that network.
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