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Repair common Windows errors and clear accumulated junk for a smoother, more stable PC - no reinstall needed.Free scan · no reinstallSet your web server’s document root to the Laravel project’s public directory. For a project at /srv/example.com, the web root must be /srv/example.com/public, not /srv/example.com. Laravel’s public/index.php is the front controller that receives every request; pointing the server elsewhere can produce an empty response, bypass routing, or expose files such as .env.
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After correcting the root, reload the server and check the HTTP status, PHP-FPM connection, Laravel logs, permissions, and the /up health endpoint. Those checks separate a web-server misconfiguration from a PHP or application boot failure.
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Laravel does not serve requests from the directory that contains artisan, app, config, and vendor. The web server should expose only the project’s public directory. That directory contains index.php, the entry point that loads Composer’s autoloader and boots the framework.
If the virtual host points at the project root, several different symptoms are possible:
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- The server may show a directory without the expected route.
- Pretty URLs may never reach Laravel because the front-controller rewrite is not involved.
- PHP may be asked to execute the wrong file or may return an empty response after a startup failure.
- Files intended to remain private, including
.envand application source, can become downloadable.
Laravel’s deployment guidance explicitly says to serve the application from the configured web directory and warns against moving index.php into the project root. The rule applies to current Laravel 13.x documentation and to older releases that use the same public-directory layout. PHP requirements and service names differ by release and operating system, so match every setting to the stack installed on your machine.
Confirm the correct project and public directory
- Find the directory that contains your Laravel application. A normal project has
artisan,app/,bootstrap/,config/,resources/,routes/,storage/, andvendor/. - Open its
public/directory and verify thatpublic/index.phpexists. If it does not, you may be editing the wrong deployment directory or the deployment is incomplete. - Record the absolute path. For the examples below, the project is
/srv/example.comand the public directory is/srv/example.com/public. Substitute your real absolute path; do not use a path relative to the configuration file. - Check that the virtual host or site definition handling your domain is the one you are changing. Multiple enabled sites can make a correct edit appear ineffective when the request is routed to another server block.
Do not copy or move public/index.php into the project root as a workaround. The front controller expects Laravel’s normal directory structure, and exposing the root defeats the application’s security boundary.
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Laravel’s deployment example for Nginx uses a public root, an index directive, a front-controller fallback, and PHP-FPM for index.php. A minimal server block looks like this:
server {
listen 80;
server_name example.com www.example.com;
root /srv/example.com/public;
index index.php;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
}
location ~ .php$ {
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $realpath_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php-fpm.sock;
}
}
The socket in the example is intentionally generic. On many distributions it includes a PHP version, such as a path under /run/php/; use the socket exposed by the PHP-FPM service actually installed on your system. A wrong socket path causes gateway errors or an apparently empty response even when the document root is correct.
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What each Nginx directive does
root /srv/example.com/public;limits directly served files to Laravel’s public assets and front controller.index index.php;makes the front controller the default index file for a directory request.try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;serves an existing asset directly and sends other paths, along with their query string, to Laravel for routing.location ~ .php$hands PHP requests to FastCGI rather than returning PHP source code as text.fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME ...gives PHP-FPM the resolved filename under the public root, allowing it to execute the intended script.
Keep the PHP location restricted to the public root. Do not add a second PHP handler that points at the project’s parent directory, and do not make the entire project tree an Nginx root.
Validate and reload Nginx safely
- Save the site configuration and run
sudo nginx -t. Fix every syntax error before reloading. - Reload Nginx with the service command used by your distribution, commonly
sudo systemctl reload nginx. A reload applies the new root without unnecessarily stopping active workers. - Request the site again and note the status code. Test both the home page and a known application route so that you verify front-controller routing, not just a static file.
- If the active site still serves the old location, inspect the enabled-site links or equivalent distribution configuration and confirm that the edited server block matches the requested host name.
Set the document root in Apache
For Apache, set DocumentRoot to the same public directory and allow Laravel’s public/.htaccess rewrite rules to run. A virtual-host pattern is:
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName example.com
ServerAlias www.example.com
DocumentRoot /srv/example.com/public
<Directory /srv/example.com/public>
AllowOverride All
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
AllowOverride All permits the rewrite directives in public/.htaccess when the server is configured to use per-directory overrides. On installations that disable overrides globally, enable the equivalent rewrite support in the virtual host instead. The exact module and service names vary by operating system, but the required outcome is the same: requests for routes that are not physical files must be rewritten to public/index.php.
Apache checks after editing
- Confirm that
/srv/example.com/public/.htaccessexists and was deployed with the application. - Run the configuration test used by your installation, commonly
sudo apachectl configtest. Do not reload while it reports an error. - Reload Apache, often with
sudo systemctl reload apache2or the service name supplied by your distribution. - Request a real Laravel route, not only an image or stylesheet. A static asset can succeed even when rewriting is disabled.
If Apache returns a 404 for every friendly URL while index.php works, the public root may be correct but rewrite support is not. If it returns a 403, inspect the <Directory> permissions and filesystem access. If it returns 500, continue with the PHP and Laravel checks below.
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Use the response and logs to locate the remaining fault
Changing the root fixes one class of deployment error. A blank-looking page can also result from a PHP-FPM failure, a fatal exception during Laravel boot, unwritable directories, missing extensions, or production error suppression. Identify the layer before changing more configuration.
Start with the HTTP status
- 200 with no visible body: inspect the application response and Laravel log. The server reached a script, but the application may be returning an empty view or suppressing a boot error.
- 404: verify the request reaches the front controller. In Nginx, check the
try_filesfallback; in Apache, check.htaccessand rewrite support. - 403: check the public directory’s execute/read permissions and the web-server user’s access to every parent directory.
- 500: inspect the web-server error log, PHP-FPM log, and
storage/logs/laravel.log. A Laravel exception, missing extension, invalid environment value, or cache problem is likely. - 502 or 504: the web server cannot successfully communicate with PHP-FPM. Check that PHP-FPM is running and that the configured socket or TCP endpoint matches it.
Use your browser’s network panel or a command-line request to see the status and headers instead of relying on a white browser window. A blank rendered page is not evidence that the HTTP response was successful.
Check PHP-FPM and the PHP version
Nginx requires a reachable PHP-FPM endpoint for index.php. Verify the PHP-FPM service is running, then compare its listening socket or address with fastcgi_pass. Distribution packages commonly include the PHP version in the service and socket name, so a configuration copied from another server may point to a nonexistent endpoint.
Also verify that the PHP runtime and required extensions satisfy the Laravel version installed by the project. Laravel’s PHP minimums change over time; the PHP version used by the command line is not always the version used by FPM. Compare both environments, because a working php artisan command does not prove that the web worker has the same binary, configuration, or extensions.
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Read the two relevant log locations
- Open the web-server error log for permission errors, missing files, rewrite failures, or upstream connection errors.
- Open
storage/logs/laravel.logfor exceptions thrown while the framework boots or handles the request. Confirm that the web-server user can read the application and write this directory. - After correcting a fault, make one fresh request and look for a new timestamped entry. This prevents chasing an old exception unrelated to the current request.
Correct Laravel’s writable directories
Laravel needs the web-server user to write to storage and bootstrap/cache. If either directory is read-only, configuration and route caches, compiled views, sessions, and logs can fail. Grant write access to the service account used by your web server while keeping the rest of the project non-writable from the web process. Avoid making the entire project world-writable; that masks ownership mistakes and increases the impact of a compromised process.
After changing ownership or permissions, clear or rebuild caches using the deployment procedure appropriate to your release, then request the application again. If a deployment runs release directories or symlinks, apply permissions to the active release and confirm that storage resolves to the intended shared location.
Temporarily expose useful errors in a safe environment
In a non-production environment, set APP_DEBUG=true temporarily to display Laravel’s detailed exception page. This can reveal a missing class, configuration value, extension, or permission error immediately. Return it to false before exposing the site publicly. Laravel warns that production debug output can disclose sensitive configuration values and other internals.
If the application is public, prefer the logs and a protected maintenance workflow over enabling debug. Never paste secrets from an exception page into a support ticket or public forum.
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Check Laravel’s health endpoint
Laravel documents the /up URI as a boot health check when it is enabled or has been configured differently by the application. Request that endpoint directly:
https://example.com/up
An HTTP 200 means Laravel booted without an exception for that check. An HTTP 500 means booting failed, so focus on the application, PHP runtime, environment, or writable-directory errors rather than changing the document root again. If the health URI has been customized, use the configured path. A successful /up response does not guarantee that every business route works, but it confirms that the framework can start.
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Why serving the project root is a security problem
The public directory is a deliberate boundary. It contains browser-facing assets and the single front controller; the parent directory contains credentials, source code, dependency metadata, and deployment files. A root such as /srv/example.com can make requests for files that should never be downloadable, including .env, Composer files, and application PHP source.
Restricting the web root to /srv/example.com/public is safer than trying to block every sensitive filename individually. Keep backups, logs, and release archives outside the served tree as well. If you discover that the project root was publicly reachable, rotate exposed credentials after fixing the configuration and review web-server access logs for suspicious downloads.
Choosing the right deployment arrangement
The document-root rule is the same, but the place where you apply it depends on who controls the web stack.
| Arrangement | Where the root is set | PHP execution path | Primary diagnostic evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nginx on a self-managed server | root in the matching server block, ending in public |
PHP-FPM through the configured Unix socket or TCP endpoint | Nginx error log, PHP-FPM log, Laravel log, and HTTP status |
| Apache on a self-managed server | DocumentRoot in the matching virtual host, ending in public |
Apache’s configured PHP handler, commonly an FPM/FastCGI setup or an Apache PHP module | Apache error log, PHP log, Laravel log, and rewrite behavior |
| Managed Laravel platform | The platform’s application or site setting; verify it resolves to the deployed public directory |
Selected by the platform’s supported PHP runtime | Platform deployment logs, application logs, health check, and HTTP status |
On a managed service, you may not edit Nginx or Apache directly. Look for a document-root, web-root, or public-directory field in the application settings and confirm that the deployment preserves public/index.php. If the provider does not expose that setting, open a support request with the absolute project path and the failing HTTP status.
Common mistakes that keep the page blank
- Using a relative root: web servers resolve paths differently depending on how they were started. Use an absolute path to the project’s
publicdirectory. - Editing the wrong virtual host: the default site or another server block may still answer your domain. Match
server_nameorServerNameand check which site is enabled. - Forgetting to reload: a saved file does nothing until the server accepts and loads it. Run the configuration test first, then reload.
- Pointing PHP-FPM at the wrong socket: a PHP version upgrade can change the socket filename. Inspect the running service rather than copying an old path.
- Missing
.htaccessor disabled rewrites: directindex.phprequests may work while normal routes fail. - Unreadable parent directories: the service account needs execute permission on each directory in the path, not only read permission on files inside
public. - Writing only to
storage: Laravel also needsbootstrap/cachewritable for normal cache and bootstrap operations. - Leaving debug enabled: detailed exceptions help during diagnosis but can expose secrets in production.
- Testing only a static asset: a successful CSS or image request does not prove that PHP, rewrites, or Laravel boot are functioning.
An end-to-end recovery checklist
- Locate the deployed Laravel project and verify
public/index.php. - Set Nginx
rootor ApacheDocumentRootto the absolutepublicpath. - Keep the project root outside the web server’s served tree; do not move
index.php. - For Nginx, enable
index index.php, thetry_filesfront-controller fallback, and a PHP-FPM handler with the correct endpoint. - For Apache, preserve
public/.htaccessand allow its rewrite rules to run. - Validate the server configuration and reload it.
- Record the response status for the home page and a routed URL.
- Check web-server and PHP-FPM logs, then
storage/logs/laravel.log. - Verify PHP-FPM is running, the PHP version and extensions match the Laravel release, and the web-server user can write to
storageandbootstrap/cache. - Use
APP_DEBUG=trueonly in a non-production environment while diagnosing an exception. - Request
/upor the configured health URI; treat 200 as a successful boot check and 500 as an application-startup failure.
Once the root ends in public and the request path, PHP runtime, permissions, and logs all agree, Laravel can receive routes through its intended front controller without exposing the rest of the application.
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