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Repair common Windows errors and clear accumulated junk for a smoother, more stable PC - no reinstall needed.Free scan · no reinstallStart with the earliest failed Cypress command, not the last error in the report. Read its message and stack trace, inspect the command’s subject and the application state at that moment, then reproduce the failure while changing one condition at a time. This sequence helps distinguish a real application or test defect from timing, browser, and CI differences.
1. Read the earliest failure
Open the first failed command in the test’s Command Log and examine the error type, message, code frame, and stack trace. Cypress errors may include a “Learn more” link. The highlighted source location can point to the failing assertion or action, while the stack trace helps trace how execution reached it. Avoid beginning with a later failure: it may be a consequence of the first one.
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With browser DevTools open, click a command in the Command Log to print its subject and yielded result. Compare what Cypress expected with what the application actually produced. See Cypress’s Debugging in Cypress guide.
2. Inspect the state when the command runs
Cypress queues commands inside the test callback and executes them after the callback has enqueued them. That means a bare debugger written after Cypress commands may pause after those commands have already completed, rather than at the state you intended to inspect.
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Pause after a query with .then()
Put the breakpoint inside a callback after the query whose result you need to inspect:
cy.get('[data-testid="save-button"]').then(($button) => {
debugger
// Inspect $button and the current page in DevTools.
})Execution pauses when the callback runs, with the queried element available as $button.
Inspect the current subject with .debug()
cy.get('[data-testid="save-button"]').debug().click()The .debug() command exposes the current subject as subject in DevTools. It is useful when you want to inspect a chain without adding a separate callback.
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Step through commands with cy.pause()
Add cy.pause() at the point where you want to stop. In open mode, step through commands and inspect the DOM, network activity, or browser storage as the test proceeds. The Command Log also keeps command and hook history; in open mode, its snapshots let you travel back to earlier application states. Those earlier snapshots can reveal when a selector, response, or UI transition stopped matching expectations. See Open mode in the Cypress app.
3. Decide whether the test needs to wait or has actually failed
Cypress retry-ability and test retries address different problems. Queries and assertions retry while the application changes, giving the UI time to reach the state being asserted. Configured test retries rerun the entire failed test for a limited number of additional attempts. A passing retry is a flake signal to investigate, not evidence that the underlying issue is fixed.
Each test retry reruns beforeEach and afterEach. Failures in before and after hooks do not trigger a retry. Use Cypress’s guides to check the distinction between Retry-ability in Cypress and Test retries in Cypress.
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- If a query or assertion fails while the page is still loading or updating, check that the test is asserting the intended state and that the application has a reliable signal for reaching it.
- If a whole-test retry passes, compare the first attempt with the retry: the difference may expose unstable test data, state setup, timing, or an environment dependency.
- Do not treat a retry as a substitute for understanding why the first attempt failed.
4. Reduce the failure to a small reproduction
Try to make the failing test the smallest one that still reproduces the problem. Review any available screenshot, video, or replay, then split up a long test or spec if doing so helps isolate the failing behavior. Compare browsers and environments while keeping the application build, test data, and relevant configuration fixed where possible.
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- Local machine versus CI.
- Headed versus headless execution.
- Browser family or version.
- Isolated test versus full spec.
- First attempt versus retry.
This makes it easier to tell whether the cause follows the test, application timing, browser, or environment. Cypress’s troubleshooting guide recommends reducing the problem and comparing environments to isolate failures.
5. Investigate headless-only failures
When a test fails in headless CI but passes locally, run it locally in a visible browser to inspect the commands and final page state. For Chrome, Cypress documents this example:
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npx cypress run --headed --no-exit --browser chrome--headed displays the browser; --no-exit leaves Cypress open after the run so you can inspect the Command Log and final application state. This is a way to investigate a headless-only failure, not proof that headed and headless runs are otherwise identical. Consult Launching browsers in Cypress for browser-launch details.
6. Use screenshots, video, and CI run evidence
Screenshots and video
Cypress automatically captures screenshots on failure during cypress run; it does not do so automatically in cypress open. Video is off by default. Set video: true to record specs in cypress run; Cypress does not record video in cypress open. The default folders are cypress/screenshots and cypress/videos. A run clears those folders before execution unless configured otherwise, so save artifacts you need before a later run removes them. Details are in Capture screenshots and videos in Cypress.
Recorded CI runs
For a run recorded to Cypress Cloud, inspect the error, retry attempts, artifacts, and test history. Test Replay can help when the original browser session is gone and reproducing the same conditions locally is difficult. It is an option for investigating recorded CI failures, not a replacement for a minimal local reproduction. See Debug failing tests in CI with Cypress Cloud.
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7. Turn on targeted Cypress diagnostics
For Cypress’s own internal diagnostics, set DEBUG before launching the app or test run. Broad logging:
DEBUG=cypress:* npx cypress runFor narrower output, select a namespace, for example:
DEBUG=cypress:server:project npx cypress run
DEBUG=cypress:server:browsers* npx cypress openUse the command that matches the issue and launch mode. Cypress warns that debug output can be large and may affect performance, so enable it only when useful and prefer a narrow namespace when possible. In browser open mode, Cypress also documents setting localStorage.debug = 'cypress*' in DevTools and reloading to see browser logs. The troubleshooting guide describes these options.
Common Cypress debugging problems
| Symptom | Likely explanation | Next step |
|---|---|---|
| A breakpoint runs after the state you wanted has changed | The test callback enqueued commands, which Cypress executed before reaching the bare debugger. |
Put debugger inside a .then() callback after the relevant query, or use .debug() or cy.pause(). |
| A test fails once and passes on retry | A whole-test retry reran the test; it did not establish that the original failure was harmless. | Compare the first attempt and retry, including setup hooks, state, and timing. Remember that beforeEach and afterEach rerun; before and after hook failures do not trigger retries. |
| The failure appears only in headless CI | Execution mode, browser, or environment may differ. | Try npx cypress run --headed --no-exit --browser chrome locally, then compare one axis at a time. |
| No failure screenshot appears in open mode | Failure screenshots are automatic in cypress run, not cypress open. |
Use the open-mode Command Log and snapshots, or run the test with cypress run when you need its automatic failure screenshot. |
| Expected video is missing | Video is off by default and is recorded in cypress run, not cypress open. |
Enable video: true and run with cypress run. |
| Debug logs are overwhelming or the run slows down | cypress:* produces broad output, and debug logging may affect performance. |
Disable broad logging or use a narrower namespace such as cypress:server:project or cypress:server:browsers*. |
Or skip the browser setup
If a Cypress screenshot helps you inspect a page state or compare what rendered, you can capture a URL with one request instead of configuring a local browser. ScreenshotNeo is a website screenshot API and MCP server for developers. Its clean-shot steps can accept cookie or consent banners like a visitor and remove more than 60 known consent platforms, newsletter popups, and chat widgets before capture; each step can be turned off. Bot checks and CAPTCHAs, blank pages, timeouts, failed loads, and cache hits are not billed, and the response identifies the page verdict and billing status in headers. AI agents can use its MCP tools, including take_screenshot, get_page_info, and capture_pdf.
For example, use this cURL request to save a WebP screenshot:
curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://stripe.com -o shot.webpReplace the target URL as needed and provide your API key. See the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for request options. The free plan includes 1,000 shots a month with no card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000 shots. Sign up for 1,000 free screenshots a month, with no card required.
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