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Use theme.json in two stages: define the typography features and reusable presets under settings.typography, then apply those presets as defaults under styles.typography. This separation lets a block theme (and supported classic-theme configurations) expose controlled font, size, spacing, and responsive options in the editor without scattering CSS across templates.
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The practical pattern is to register families in settings.typography.fontFamilies, register sizes in settings.typography.fontSizes, reference them with var:preset|… tokens, and choose whether WordPress should generate fluid values. A complete setup also needs a deliberate choice about custom editor values, the version-3 defaultFontSizes setting, and the WordPress versions your theme supports.
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theme.json is WordPress’s configuration file for global settings and styles. The settings tree describes what the editor can offer; the styles tree consumes those capabilities to establish defaults. Mixing up these roles is the most common reason a font or size appears in code but not in the editor.
settings.typography: capabilities and presets
Use settings.typography to enable controls and register reusable values. The typography reference includes switches and presets for custom font size, font style, font weight, fluid sizing, letter spacing, line height, text decoration, text transform, drop caps, writing mode, font sizes, and font families. A setting can expose a control without forcing every block to use it.
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styles.typography: the defaults visitors see
Use styles.typography for the site-wide default font family, size, line height, weight, spacing, decoration, transform, and related properties. Styles can also be placed deeper in the style tree to target a block or element. A registered preset is referenced with a token such as var:preset|font-size|body, not by repeating the raw value in every rule.
What WordPress generates
Each family slug becomes a custom property named --wp--preset--font-family--{slug}. Each size slug becomes --wp--preset--font-size--{slug} and a corresponding preset class. Slugs are therefore part of your theme’s public design-system API: changing one can invalidate saved content or custom CSS that uses the generated names.
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Choose a theme.json version and create the file
Start with a version that matches the features and WordPress releases you intend to support. The examples below use version 3 and the official schema URL, which gives editor tooling and validation a precise vocabulary:
{
"$schema": "https://schemas.wp.org/trunk/theme.json",
"version": 3,
"settings": {
"typography": {}
},
"styles": {
"typography": {}
}
}Keep the file at the theme root. Validate the JSON before activating the theme; one trailing comma or mismatched quote prevents WordPress from reading the entire configuration, which can look like several unrelated typography controls have disappeared.
Build a practical typography foundation
The following starter configuration defines a system stack, a fixed body size, a display size with an explicit CSS formula, and a lead size whose bounds are supplied to WordPress. It also enables line-height controls while disallowing arbitrary custom sizes.
{
"$schema": "https://schemas.wp.org/trunk/theme.json",
"version": 3,
"settings": {
"typography": {
"customFontSize": false,
"lineHeight": true,
"fluid": true,
"fontFamilies": [
{
"name": "System Sans",
"slug": "system-sans",
"fontFamily": "-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif"
}
],
"fontSizes": [
{
"name": "Body",
"slug": "body",
"size": "1rem",
"fluid": false
},
{
"name": "Display",
"slug": "display",
"size": "clamp(2rem, 1.25rem + 3vw, 4rem)",
"fluid": false
},
{
"name": "Lead",
"slug": "lead",
"size": "1.25rem",
"fluid": { "min": "1.125rem", "max": "1.5rem" }
}
]
}
},
"styles": {
"typography": {
"fontFamily": "var:preset|font-family|system-sans",
"fontSize": "var:preset|font-size|body",
"lineHeight": "1.6"
}
}
}The name is the human-readable label, slug is the stable identifier, and size is the CSS value. Registering a value does not automatically make it the site default; the reference in styles does that.
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Register font families
System and existing stacks
A system stack needs no font files. Register the complete CSS family list so the editor can offer one label while browsers use the appropriate installed face:
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{
"name": "System Sans",
"slug": "system-sans",
"fontFamily": "-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif"
}Use lowercase, predictable slugs and keep them stable across theme updates. The slug is what appears in preset references and generated custom-property names; the display name can change without changing those references.
Bundle a theme-owned web font
For a font supplied with the theme, keep the family in fontFamilies and add a fontFace array. The face metadata and source files belong to the family object:
{
"name": "Brand Sans",
"slug": "brand-sans",
"fontFamily": ""Brand Sans", sans-serif",
"fontFace": [
{
"fontFamily": "Brand Sans",
"fontStyle": "normal",
"fontWeight": "400 700",
"src": [
"file:./assets/fonts/brand-sans.woff2"
]
}
]
}Place the referenced file at the matching path inside the theme. A range such as 400 700 describes the weights covered by that variable font; separate static files can be represented by additional face entries with their own weight values. Use one family slug for all variations so preset references remain predictable.
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Register a controlled size scale
Define every size you want authors to select in settings.typography.fontSizes. Each object requires name, slug, and size; fluid is optional. A small, intentional scale is easier to maintain than dozens of near-duplicate values.
| Field | Purpose | Example |
|---|---|---|
name |
Label displayed in the editor | Body |
slug |
Stable preset identifier and part of the generated variable | body |
size |
CSS value used when the preset is applied | 1rem |
fluid |
Per-size responsive behavior | false or an object with min and max |
After registration, a block’s typography control can use the preset, and theme CSS can refer to var(--wp--preset--font-size--body) where a raw CSS custom property is needed. In theme.json style values, prefer the portable var:preset|font-size|body token.
Fixed and formula-based values
Set fluid to false for a value that should remain constant, such as a compact label or a body size chosen in relative units. You can also put a complete clamp() expression directly in size when the design system already specifies the exact interpolation:
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{
"name": "Display",
"slug": "display",
"size": "clamp(2rem, 1.25rem + 3vw, 4rem)",
"fluid": false
}Marking this preset non-fluid prevents WordPress from trying to regenerate the formula. The browser still evaluates the supplied clamp().
Make font sizes responsive with fluid typography
Enable fluid behavior globally
Set settings.typography.fluid to true to ask WordPress to generate viewport-based scaling for eligible registered sizes. WordPress calculates a clamp() value from minimum and maximum bounds. A size below the default minimum can remain static, so inspect the generated result rather than assuming every preset will scale.
{
"settings": {
"typography": {
"fluid": true
}
}
}Opt out for one preset
Override the global choice when a particular label must not change across viewports:
{
"name": "Small",
"slug": "sm",
"size": "1rem",
"fluid": false
}Set explicit minimum and maximum bounds
An object gives a preset its own responsive limits:
{
"name": "Heading",
"slug": "heading",
"size": "2rem",
"fluid": {
"min": "1.75rem",
"max": "3.5rem"
}
}Use explicit bounds for headings that need a known mobile floor and desktop ceiling. Use a literal clamp() when your design formula, rather than WordPress’s calculation, is the source of truth.
Apply typography defaults with preset references
Set the global family, size, and line height in styles.typography. The following references the registered slugs from the starter configuration:
{
"styles": {
"typography": {
"fontFamily": "var:preset|font-family|system-sans",
"fontSize": "var:preset|font-size|body",
"lineHeight": "1.6"
}
}
}A preset reference is preferable to duplicating 1rem or a long font stack: changing the registered value updates every consumer that points to the preset. Keep the global default conservative, then assign display or lead presets where the content structure calls for them.
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Scope a different default to a block or element
The broader style tree can target individual blocks and elements. Use that scope when a heading needs the display preset but paragraphs should retain the body default. The exact block or element path depends on the design, but the value still uses the same preset token:
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"styles": {
"blocks": {
"core/heading": {
"typography": {
"fontSize": "var:preset|font-size|display"
}
}
}
}
}Block-specific styles are defaults, not immutable content. An editor control can override them when that control is enabled and the block supports the property.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Decide which editor controls authors should have
Typography controls are independent decisions. Enable only what authors can use consistently, and provide presets for values that should stay within the design system.
| Decision | Theme.json choice | Result |
|---|---|---|
| Allow arbitrary font sizes | customFontSize: true |
Authors can enter values beyond the registered scale. |
| Enforce the registered scale | customFontSize: false |
Authors choose presets instead of free-form sizes. |
| Expose line-height editing | lineHeight: true |
Supported blocks can offer line-height controls. |
| Offer fluid sizing | fluid: true or per-size settings |
Eligible presets receive responsive calculations. |
Other typography booleans cover font style, weight, letter spacing, decoration, transform, drop caps, and writing mode. Their availability and defaults are version-dependent, so define the capability deliberately rather than relying on an assumed default.
Keep version 3 default font sizes under control
Version 3 adds the settings.typography.defaultFontSizes decision. When it is true, core default sizes remain visible and cannot be overridden by the theme. When it is false, those defaults are hidden and the theme can use the default slugs for its own scale.
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"version": 3,
"settings": {
"typography": {
"defaultFontSizes": false,
"fontSizes": [
{
"name": "Body",
"slug": "body",
"size": "1rem"
}
]
}
}
}Choose true when compatibility with the core scale matters or authors should retain those familiar options. Choose false when the theme’s named scale must be the only source of size presets. Test the editor after changing this value because the visible list, preset slugs, and any saved content that references those slugs can change.
Why typography controls are missing
The setting was never enabled
Registering a font or size does not automatically expose every control. Check the relevant boolean under settings.typography, such as lineHeight or customFontSize, and confirm the block supports that property.
The JSON is invalid or in the wrong place
Run the file through a JSON validator and confirm it is the active theme’s root-level theme.json. A syntax error causes WordPress to ignore the configuration, while editing a parent theme’s file has no effect when a child theme is active.
The preset reference does not match the slug
Compare every var:preset|font-family|… and var:preset|font-size|… token with the exact registered slug. The human-readable name is not used in the reference, and changing capitalization or punctuation in a slug creates a different preset.
Core defaults are masking the theme scale
On version 3, inspect defaultFontSizes. A value of true intentionally keeps core sizes visible and prevents overriding them; this can make a theme’s replacement scale appear incomplete.
The installed WordPress release lacks the property
Support for typography properties is not identical across releases. Newer properties, including textIndent, textShadow, and some later typography controls, were added over time. Check the style-property support for the oldest WordPress version in your support range and avoid depending on a property it does not understand.
A block or editor context does not support the control
Global settings do not force every block to display every option. Test the same preset in a paragraph, heading, and any custom block you support. If only one block is missing a control, the limitation is block support rather than the global registration.
Use a repeatable implementation workflow
- Set the support target. Record the minimum WordPress release, theme type, and whether version 3 features are required.
- Define the vocabulary. Choose stable family and size slugs, labels, units, and a small scale before writing style references.
- Register families. Add system stacks or licensed, theme-owned files under
fontFamilies; verify eachfile:path exists. - Register sizes. Add fixed, fluid, or formula-based values under
fontSizesand decide whether core defaults stay visible. - Enable capabilities. Turn on only the controls authors need, including line height, custom size, and fluid behavior.
- Apply defaults. Reference the slugs from
styles.typography, then add block or element overrides where the layout requires them. - Validate and inspect. Check JSON syntax, activate the intended theme, and inspect the editor’s typography panel for each supported block.
- Test responsive output. View fluid presets at narrow and wide widths, confirm the minimum and maximum behavior, and check that fixed presets remain fixed.
- Test an upgrade path. Change a preset value in a staging copy and verify existing content still resolves the same slug and displays the intended family or size.
Typography decisions that prevent future conflicts
| Design requirement | Recommended approach | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| Fast, dependency-free text | Register a system stack | No font files or redistribution license are needed. |
| Consistent branded lettering | Bundle a licensed web font with fontFace |
The theme controls the files and face metadata. |
| Predictable editorial rhythm | Use named presets and set customFontSize to false |
Authors stay within the approved scale. |
| Readable headings on every viewport | Use per-size fluid bounds or a deliberate clamp() |
Mobile and desktop limits are explicit. |
| Different hierarchy by block | Keep a global body default and scope heading styles under the block tree | Overrides remain centralized and editable. |
| Broad release compatibility | Limit properties to the oldest supported WordPress version | Unsupported properties cannot silently become required behavior. |
When a control is absent, diagnose in this order: valid active file, registered slug, enabled setting, block support, then WordPress-version support. That sequence separates configuration errors from intentional editor limitations and avoids replacing a working preset system with ad-hoc CSS.
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