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How to Configure Redis Replication on Ubuntu

Set up and verify Redis replication on Ubuntu, secure the link with passwords, ACLs or TLS, troubleshoot CONNECTING replicas, and understand why Sentinel is needed for automatic failover.
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Configure Redis replication by designating one Ubuntu Redis instance as the primary, pointing a second instance at it with replicaof, supplying the primary’s password or ACL identity, and then checking synchronization with INFO replication and ROLE. Redis replication is asynchronous and keeps a replica current, but it does not elect a replacement primary. Automatic failover requires Redis Sentinel or another high-availability system.

What Redis replication does—and what it does not do

Redis uses a primary-replica model. Clients normally write to the primary, and the primary streams the effects of writes to its replicas. Expirations and evictions are propagated as well, so a healthy replica follows the primary’s logical data state rather than merely receiving occasional snapshots.

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Replication is asynchronous by default. A write accepted by the primary can therefore reach a replica later, depending on workload, network conditions, and the replica’s ability to process the stream. Redis replicas reconnect automatically after a connection interruption and can attempt a partial resynchronization when the primary still has the required history in its replication backlog. A longer outage or insufficient backlog can require a fuller resynchronization.

A replica is read-only by default. That protects it from accepting independent writes that would make its dataset diverge from the primary. Basic replication is not a consensus system and does not perform leader election. If the primary fails, an operator can promote a replica manually with REPLICAOF NO ONE; monitored automatic promotion needs Sentinel or another HA layer.

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Plan the Ubuntu nodes and network before editing Redis

Choose the roles and addresses

Identify the private address of the primary and the private address of the replica. Record which Redis port each process actually uses; the conventional port is TCP 6379, but a package or local configuration can change it. The replica’s replicaof setting must use an address that is reachable from the replica, not a loopback address that exists only on the primary.

Restrict the replication network

Permit TCP 6379 only between the application, administration, and replication networks that need it. Apply the rule in the firewall or network ACL implementation appropriate for your Ubuntu release and installed Redis package. Do not expose an unauthenticated Redis listener to the public internet.

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Redis protected mode is an additional safeguard for listeners that are not deliberately exposed. Keep protected-mode yes unless you have a controlled, authenticated network design that requires another setting. A bind address, firewall rule, authentication policy, and TLS policy should all describe the same trust boundary; changing only one of them often produces either a broken link or an unintentionally exposed service.

Configure the primary Redis instance

Set a private bind address

Open the primary’s Redis configuration file and bind Redis to its private interface plus loopback. The exact file path depends on how Redis was installed, so use the path supplied by your Ubuntu package or deployment. The configuration concept is:

bind <primary-private-address> 127.0.0.1
protected-mode yes

Replace the placeholder with the address that the replica can reach. If the host has several interfaces, binding broadly can make the service reachable from networks that were never intended to access it.

Choose password or ACL authentication

For legacy password authentication, set a long, unique secret with requirepass:

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requirepass <long-primary-secret>

Do not copy a real secret into a shell command or commit it to a configuration repository that is readable by unrelated users. Manage file permissions and secret distribution according to your operating policy.

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Redis 6 and later support ACLs. For a multi-user deployment, prefer ACL identities with only the commands and key access each role needs. Create a dedicated replication identity rather than using a broad administrative account, then configure the replica with that account’s name and secret. The replication user must have the permissions required by the Redis version installed on both nodes; an account that can authenticate but cannot execute the replication protocol commands will still leave the replica disconnected.

Keep the primary available to the replica

After changing the bind or authentication settings, verify that the primary’s local firewall allows the replica address to reach the Redis port. Protected mode, ACL rules, and network ACLs can each reject a connection independently. Treat a successful TCP connection and a successful Redis authentication as separate checks.

Configure the replica Redis instance

Point the replica at the primary

Edit the replica’s Redis configuration file and add the primary address and port:

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replicaof <primary-private-address> 6379
masterauth <long-primary-secret>

masterauth supplies the password that the replica uses when authenticating to a password-protected primary. It is not a password for clients reading from the replica.

Use an ACL replication identity when applicable

When the primary uses ACLs, configure the replica with masteruser and the corresponding secret instead of relying on the default user. The account must be enabled and granted the replication permissions required by the installed Redis version. Check both the username and password exactly; an ACL username with a valid password can still fail if the user lacks a required command or key permission.

Preserve the read-only role

Leave the replica read-only unless you have a narrowly justified operational reason to change it. Redis warns that writable replicas can become inconsistent with the primary. A read-only replica can still answer permitted read requests, but application writes should be directed to the primary unless your architecture explicitly handles another write path.

The core replica settings can be summarized as follows:

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Setting Where it is used Purpose
replicaof <host> <port> Replica configuration Identifies the primary to follow
masterauth <secret> Replica configuration Authenticates to a password-protected primary
masteruser <user> Replica configuration with ACLs Selects the dedicated ACL identity used for replication
replica-read-only yes Replica behavior Preserves the default read-only role

Apply the configuration without losing it on restart

Restart or reload Redis through the service-management workflow supplied by your Ubuntu package after editing each configuration file. Many Ubuntu installations expose a unit named redis-server, but unit names and layout are not universal; confirm the service name on the host before issuing a restart. Check the service status and logs immediately afterward.

Redis also supports changing replication settings at runtime. From an authenticated administrative client, the equivalent of the configuration-file directive is:

REPLICAOF <primary-host> <port>

Runtime changes are useful for testing or controlled role changes, but they do not replace a persistent configuration. Write the final values into the replica’s configuration file so a restart does not silently revert the relationship. Likewise, use REPLICAOF NO ONE only when you intentionally want to detach and promote the replica.

Verify that replication is actually synchronized

Inspect the primary

Connect with an authenticated administrative client and run:

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INFO replication
ROLE

On the primary, INFO replication should identify the node as a primary and show its connected-replica information and replication offsets. ROLE provides a concise role report. Run both commands rather than relying only on a process status of “running”; a Redis process can be healthy while its replication link is not.

Inspect the replica

Run the same commands on the replica. Confirm that it reports the expected primary address and port, a connected link, and offsets that advance while the primary receives writes. A replica that remains in a connecting state has not completed the replication handshake, even if the Redis service itself is accepting local client connections.

Perform a disposable end-to-end test

Use a temporary key that cannot affect application data. Authenticate to the primary, write the key, and then read it from the replica:

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SET replication_probe temporary-value
GET replication_probe

The GET on the replica should return the value after the asynchronous stream reaches it. Remove the probe key from the primary when finished. Do not use a production key for this test, and do not interpret one successful read as proof that the link will remain healthy; continue watching link status and offsets.

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Check logs when offsets stop moving

If the replica reports a disconnected link, authentication failure, or repeated reconnects, inspect the Redis logs on both nodes. The primary’s messages can reveal rejected authentication or a refused replica connection; the replica’s messages can distinguish DNS or routing failures from Redis protocol errors. Compare the addresses in the logs with the private address and port you configured.

Troubleshoot common replication failures

Authentication errors

  • For requirepass, make the replica’s masterauth exactly match the primary secret, including capitalization and punctuation.
  • For ACLs, verify both masteruser and its secret, confirm that the user is enabled, and check that its permissions include the replication commands required by your Redis version.
  • Test authentication from an administrative client without placing the secret in shell history. A TCP connection alone does not prove that Redis authentication will succeed.

The replica cannot connect

  • Confirm that the primary is bound to the address used in replicaof, not only to 127.0.0.1.
  • Check routing, security groups, host firewalls, and network ACLs for TCP 6379 between the two private addresses.
  • Verify that the configured port matches the primary’s listening port.
  • Review protected-mode assumptions. A configuration that depends on protected mode while binding to a non-loopback address can reject the replica unless the network and authentication design is deliberate.

The replica is stale after a short outage

Redis may be attempting a partial resynchronization. That recovery depends on the primary retaining the needed replication history in its backlog and on the link becoming stable. Review replication backlog sizing for your workload, investigate packet loss or intermittent routing, and watch whether offsets resume advancing. A replica that repeatedly falls behind and reconnects may require a full resynchronization, which is more disruptive to network and disk resources than a partial one.

Writes appear to succeed on the replica

Check whether replica-read-only was intentionally disabled. Writable replicas can diverge because those writes are not a substitute for the primary’s write stream. Re-enable the read-only behavior unless your design explicitly requires writable replicas and includes a method to prevent or reconcile divergence.

Operators expect automatic promotion

Neither replicaof nor ordinary primary-replica replication elects a new primary. If the primary fails, an operator can run REPLICAOF NO ONE on a suitable replica to promote it while retaining its dataset. That is a manual procedure and does not update application connection settings by itself.

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For monitored automatic failover, evaluate Redis Sentinel or another HA layer. Sentinel must be configured to authenticate to the Redis instances and, where required, to authenticate its own control connections. Design the client behavior as well: applications need a way to discover the current primary after a promotion rather than pinning themselves permanently to the old address.

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Secure replication links with TLS

Password authentication protects access but does not encrypt the password in transit. Redis documents that the AUTH command, like other Redis commands, is sent unencrypted unless the connection is protected. On networks where credentials or data must be confidential, configure TLS for clients and replication.

On the replica, tls-replication yes enables TLS for its outgoing replication connection. Configure certificates, trusted certificate authorities, and hostname or identity checks consistently on both nodes. The primary must be configured to accept the TLS connection, and clients must use the matching TLS port and settings. A certificate mismatch, an untrusted CA, or a hostname check that does not match the certificate identity can look like a generic connection failure until the TLS logs are examined.

Test the encrypted link independently from application traffic. First confirm that certificates validate in the intended direction, then authenticate Redis over TLS, and finally inspect INFO replication and ROLE. Do not disable certificate verification merely to make the first connection succeed; fix the certificate names, trust chain, or node configuration instead.

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Understand recovery and consistency limits

Asynchronous delivery creates a lag window

Because replication is asynchronous, the primary and replica can have different offsets for a period of time. Monitor the link status and offsets rather than assuming that every acknowledged write is already present on the replica. The size of the lag window depends on workload, network conditions, and processing capacity, so this guide does not assign a universal recovery-time or throughput figure.

Partial resynchronization is conditional

After a brief disconnection, a replica can request only the missing stream if the primary’s replication backlog still contains it. If the interruption lasts too long or the backlog no longer covers the missing range, Redis must perform a fuller synchronization. Keep the link stable and size the backlog with the volume and duration of outages your operation must tolerate.

Replication is not a backup policy

A replica follows changes, including deletions, expirations, and evictions. A mistaken write or destructive command can therefore propagate to every replica. Maintain an independent backup and recovery plan appropriate to your data; replication alone does not provide a historical copy or protection from operator error.

Manual replication versus an HA design

A two-node manual arrangement has the least moving parts: one primary, one replica, explicit credentials, and operator-driven promotion. It is suitable when a person or runbook can respond to failure and when the application can be redirected deliberately.

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Adding Sentinel increases operational effort because you must deploy and monitor Sentinel, authenticate it to the Redis instances, and configure clients to discover the elected primary. In return, Sentinel can monitor instances and coordinate promotion instead of waiting for a human to run REPLICAOF NO ONE. It still requires careful quorum, network, authentication, and client configuration; it is not a replacement for testing failover.

A managed Redis service can remove much of the Ubuntu host maintenance, but it changes the control, networking, and cost model. If you choose that route, verify its documented replication, failover, TLS, ACL, backup, and data-residency behavior rather than assuming that every hosted service implements Redis Sentinel semantics identically.

Operational checklist

  • Primary and replica addresses are private, routable, and documented.
  • TCP 6379 is permitted only between trusted networks and required operators or applications.
  • The primary keeps protected mode unless a controlled authenticated design requires otherwise.
  • The primary uses a long password or a least-privilege ACL policy.
  • The replica has matching masterauth, and uses masteruser when ACL authentication is configured.
  • The replica remains read-only unless a documented exception exists.
  • Final settings are persisted in configuration files, not left only in runtime state.
  • INFO replication and ROLE show the expected roles, address, link state, and advancing offsets.
  • A disposable key has been written on the primary and read successfully from the replica.
  • Logs have been checked for authentication, binding, firewall, and resynchronization errors.
  • You have decided whether manual promotion is acceptable or Sentinel is required.
  • TLS is enabled for replication when credentials or data must not traverse the network unencrypted, with certificates and identity checks validated on both sides.

Final result

A correctly configured Ubuntu replica has a persistent replicaof relationship, authenticates with the primary’s password or dedicated ACL identity, stays read-only, and reports a connected link with advancing offsets. That setup supplies a current secondary copy and automatic reconnection or partial resynchronization when conditions permit. It does not provide automatic failover; promotion, client redirection, and the security of the replication channel must be designed separately.

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