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To keep Rails Active Storage uploads after a Dokku redeploy, create a persistent directory on the Dokku host, mount it at the container’s Rails storage path, restart the app, and verify the mount. A typical setup uses /var/lib/dokku/data/storage/my-rails-app on the host and /app/storage in the container. The host directory must exist before you run storage:mount; Dokku does not create an explicit host path for you.
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What a Dokku persistent volume does
Dokku applications run in containers that can be replaced during a deploy, rebuild, restart, or scheduler operation. Files written only inside the container’s writable layer, including local Active Storage uploads, can therefore disappear when that container is replaced. A storage mount places those files in a directory on the Dokku host and exposes that directory inside the container.
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This protects data from ordinary container replacement on the same host. It is not a backup, replication system, or multi-host filesystem. The host directory still needs its own backup and recovery plan. If the application must move between hosts, run on several instances, or share files across machines, Rails Active Storage with an S3-compatible, Google Cloud Storage, Azure Storage, or Mirror service is usually a better architectural fit.
Before you configure the mount
- Confirm the app name. The examples below use
my-rails-app; substitute the exact Dokku app name. - Confirm the container working directory. The conventional Rails image working directory is
/app, which makesRails.root.join("storage")resolve to/app/storage. A custom image may use another working directory. - Decide whether local disk is appropriate. Local storage is simple and fast for one host, but it is tied to that host. Object storage adds service configuration and network access, while improving portability and independent durability.
- Identify the runtime user. The process that writes uploads must have permission to write the mounted directory. Buildpack applications use Dokku’s documented directory-preparation defaults; custom images require checking the image’s effective UID and GID.
- Check the scheduler and Dokku version. Newer installations support named storage entries and scheduler-aware options. Legacy host-to-container syntax remains available on docker-local, but is rejected for k3s applications.
Choose and create an app-specific host directory
Keep each application’s persistent data in its own directory. A conventional location is under /var/lib/dokku/data/storage:
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sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/dokku/data/storage/my-rails-appCreating the directory first is mandatory when you provide an explicit host path. Dokku’s mount command does not create that path automatically. An app-specific directory also prevents uploads from different applications from being mixed and makes backup jobs easier to scope.
Next, prepare ownership and permissions for the process that runs Rails. For a buildpack deployment, use Dokku’s documented directory-preparation workflow and its buildpack ownership defaults. Do not assume that the host administrator, a generic web-server account, or a numeric UID from another image is correct. For a custom Docker image, inspect the running process with:
dokku run my-rails-app idUse the returned effective UID and GID when assigning ownership on the host, then apply the least-permissive mode that still permits Rails to create directories and files. If the application can read uploads but cannot write new ones, ownership or mode is the first place to investigate.
Mount the directory with Dokku’s host-to-container syntax
For a docker-local app, the direct syntax is:
dokku storage:mount my-rails-app /var/lib/dokku/data/storage/my-rails-app:/app/storageThe left side is an absolute path on the Dokku host. The right side is an absolute path inside the container. Relative paths and an omitted container path are not valid substitutes. The /app/storage target is correct only when the deployed image’s application root is /app.
Apply the setup in this order:
- Set the app-specific host directory and create it with
sudo mkdir -p. - Prepare ownership and write permissions for the Rails runtime user.
- Run
dokku storage:mount my-rails-app /var/lib/dokku/data/storage/my-rails-app:/app/storage. - Recreate the containers with
dokku ps:restart my-rails-app. - Check the resulting configuration with
dokku storage:list my-rails-appordokku storage:report my-rails-app.
A restart is required after adding, changing, or removing a mount. The existing container does not acquire a new filesystem mapping merely because Dokku’s configuration has changed.
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Configure Rails Active Storage to use the mounted path
Rails’ local Disk service normally uses the application’s storage directory. In config/storage.yml, the conventional definition is:
local:
service: Disk
root: <%= Rails.root.join("storage") %>Select that service in the production environment only when local disk is intentional:
config.active_storage.service = :localWith a working directory of /app, Rails evaluates the root as /app/storage, exactly where the Dokku mount is attached. If the image uses another application root, either mount the host directory at the path Rails actually resolves or change the Disk root deliberately. Verify the deployed image rather than relying on a development machine’s directory layout.
Existing Active Storage records in the database contain references to files, but the files themselves live in the configured service. Changing the service or mount path without migrating the files can leave records that point to objects Rails cannot read. Treat a service change as a data migration, not only a configuration edit.
Understand when Dokku mounts are available
Dokku makes mounts available to containers created by the run and deploy processes, not to the build process. A buildpack or Docker build therefore cannot use the mounted directory as a place to exchange files with the eventual runtime container.
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This distinction matters when a Dockerfile or release task writes to /app/storage. At build time, that path is part of the image filesystem. At runtime, the volume is attached over the path. Do not use a build step to seed files that you expect to remain visible after the mount is added.
A mount also hides any content that already exists at its target path in the image. The files are not merged. If /app/storage contains pre-existing image files, they become inaccessible behind the mounted directory while the mount is active. Copy required seed data to the host directory before starting the application, or store immutable defaults somewhere outside the mount target.
Use named storage entries on newer Dokku installations
Named storage is preferable when the installation needs scheduler-aware configuration or more explicit management. Dokku supports creating a storage entry, mounting it with a container directory, scoping it to process types, marking it read-only, supplying volume options, and replacing an existing entry. A typical named-entry flow is:
dokku storage:create my-rails-app uploads
dokku storage:mount my-rails-app uploads --container-dir /app/storage
dokku ps:restart my-rails-appUse the exact option set supported by the installed Dokku version. The entry name, such as uploads, is a Dokku-managed identifier; the host-side location and volume behavior are controlled by the storage configuration. Review the result with dokku storage:list my-rails-app and dokku storage:report my-rails-app.
Named entries are especially useful when web, worker, and release process types should not all receive the same mount, or when a read-only volume and additional Docker volume options are required. Legacy host:container syntax is still supported on docker-local, but k3s apps reject that form. Choose the command style that matches both the scheduler and the installed Dokku release.
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Verify that Rails can write and read an upload
Configuration output alone does not prove that the application can use the volume. Perform a runtime check after the restart:
- Confirm that
dokku storage:list my-rails-appordokku storage:report my-rails-appshows the expected host and container paths. - Open a Rails console or use an application-level upload to create a small test attachment.
- Check that the upload succeeds without a permission exception.
- Confirm that the generated file is present under
/app/storagefrom inside the running container. - Restart the app again and verify that the same attachment remains available.
- Inspect the host directory and confirm that the file is stored under
/var/lib/dokku/data/storage/my-rails-app, not only inside a container layer.
The final restart test distinguishes a real persistent mount from a writable directory that merely existed in one container. Keep the test file only if it is useful; otherwise remove it through the application’s normal attachment deletion path.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Troubleshoot common failures
The mount command says the host path is missing
Create the exact path first, including every parent directory:
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Uploads still disappear after a deploy
Use dokku storage:report my-rails-app to confirm that the mount is attached to the deployed app, then restart with dokku ps:restart my-rails-app. Verify that Rails is using the :local service and that its Disk root resolves to the mounted directory. If the mount exists only on one process type, make sure the request reaches a process that has the volume.
Rails reports permission denied
Compare the runtime identity from dokku run my-rails-app id with the owner and mode of the host directory. Correct the host-side ownership using the UID and GID used by the image. Also check parent-directory traversal permissions; a writable final directory is insufficient if the process cannot traverse one of its parents.
The mount is present but expected files are missing
Remember that a mount overlays the target path. Image files under /app/storage are hidden rather than merged. Place required files in the host directory or move non-persistent application assets outside the mount target.
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The command works on one Dokku installation but not another
Check the scheduler. Direct host:container syntax is supported on docker-local but rejected for k3s apps. On newer installations, use a named storage entry and its scheduler-compatible options. Compare the installed Dokku version’s storage command help before adapting examples from another server.
Back up the host directory separately
A persistent volume protects against container replacement on the same host; it does not protect against disk failure, accidental deletion, ransomware, or loss of the host. Back up /var/lib/dokku/data/storage/my-rails-app independently, retain versions, and periodically test restoring an attachment into a non-production environment.
Coordinate database and file backups. Active Storage metadata is stored in Rails database records while the binary objects are in the Disk directory. A database backup without the corresponding files, or files without the matching records, is not a complete restore. Document the order in which the database and storage directory are restored and verify that representative attachments open afterward.
Local Dokku storage versus S3-compatible object storage
Rails Active Storage supports local Disk storage as well as cloud services such as S3, Google Cloud Storage, Azure Storage, and Mirror services. The right choice depends on where the app runs and who must operate the data.
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Outbyte Driver Updater FREEFix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesFind Drivers →Outbyte PC Repair FREEClear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsFree Scan →| Consideration | Dokku host mount with local Disk | S3-compatible object storage |
|---|---|---|
| Durability and backup model | Files survive container replacement on the same host; durability depends on that host and your separate backups. | Durability, versioning, and replication depend on the object-storage service and its retention settings. |
| Portability across hosts | Moving the app requires copying the host directory and preserving permissions. | Any authorized app instance can use the same bucket or prefix from another host. |
| Operational complexity | Simple mount and filesystem permissions, plus host backup administration. | Requires credentials, bucket or container policy, endpoint configuration, and network access. |
| Latency | Local filesystem access is generally on-host and avoids a network request to store the object. | Uploads and downloads involve the object-storage network path, although direct or CDN delivery may change the read pattern. |
| Cost | Uses disk capacity already allocated to the Dokku host, with additional cost for backup storage. | Charges follow the selected provider’s storage, request, transfer, and backup policies. |
| Access control | Unix ownership and permissions on the host-mounted directory. | Credentials, bucket policies, object keys, and provider-side access controls. |
| Shared storage across instances | Not shared automatically between hosts or isolated machines; every instance must reach the same filesystem to share files. | Designed for access by multiple app instances when credentials and policies permit it. |
Use local storage when the app is intentionally single-host, the files are backed up independently, and filesystem operations are preferable. Choose object storage when portability, multiple instances, independently managed durability, or host replacement is a requirement. Keep production buckets or prefixes separate from development and test data, and configure each environment explicitly.
Operational checklist
- The host directory exists before the mount command runs.
- The directory belongs to, or is writable by, the Rails runtime identity.
- The container target is an absolute path that matches Rails’ resolved Disk root.
- The app was restarted after every mount change.
storage:listorstorage:reportshows the intended mapping.- A test upload survives a second restart.
- Build steps do not rely on files under the runtime mount target.
- Backups include both the Active Storage database records and the binary files.
- The chosen storage model fits the scheduler, host topology, and future portability needs.
Bottom line
Create an app-specific directory on the Dokku host, prepare it for the Rails runtime user, mount it at the absolute path Rails uses for its Disk service, restart the app, and verify an upload after another restart. Treat that mount as persistent host storage rather than a backup. If the app must be portable, multi-host, or independently durable, configure an Active Storage object-storage service instead of relying solely on a local Dokku volume.
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