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How to Check Whether a Website Is Safe Before You Visit

A padlock and a clean scan do not prove a site is legitimate. Check the complete hostname, heed browser warnings, and use registration and reputation lookups only as supporting clues.
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A padlock and a clean scan are useful clues, not proof that a website is legitimate. Check where the link came from, inspect the full hostname, heed browser warnings, and treat registration and reputation lookups as supporting evidence. If you still cannot verify a site—or it asks for money, login details, or sensitive information—open the organization’s known official site or app instead of following the link.

Start with the link and its source

Be more cautious with an unexpected message, an urgent request, or a link that asks you to act quickly. If it claims to come from someone you know, contact that person through a number or address you already trust. Do not reply to the suspicious message to verify it.

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The FBI’s Internet Crime Complaint Center warns that criminals use both misleading domains and HTTPS in phishing campaigns. Its June 10, 2019 public service announcement puts the distinction plainly: “Do not trust a website just because it has a lock icon or ‘https’ in the browser address bar.” Read the FBI IC3 warning.

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Inspect the complete hostname

Read the address carefully, including the domain ending. Look for misspellings, substituted characters, extra words, or an ending that differs from the one the organization normally uses. For example, a link expected to use a government “.gov” domain but ending in “.com” merits a stop and a separate check.

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Focus on the actual domain, not just a familiar name appearing somewhere in the URL. A brand name can appear in a longer address without making that domain the brand’s official site. When uncertain, do not use the link; type an official address you already know, use a bookmark you created earlier, or open the organization’s app.

Understand what HTTPS and the padlock establish

HTTPS encrypts the connection between your browser and the site, and the browser checks that the certificate is valid for the domain under its trust rules. This helps protect data in transit and confirms the connection is to the domain named in the address bar. It does not establish that the domain belongs to the company you have in mind, that the site operator is honest, or that the page is free of phishing.

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Scammers can obtain certificates for domains they control, including deceptive domains. A padlock therefore describes a protected connection—not a trustworthy business or safe transaction. See the FBI IC3 warning about HTTPS phishing and the U.S. government HTTPS guidance.

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If your browser displays a certificate, privacy, or other security warning, do not click through to enter credentials or payment information. Leave the page and verify the address through a known channel.

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Use registration details as context, not a verdict

ICANN Lookup provides current generic top-level domain registration data through RDAP, the protocol developed as a replacement for WHOIS. A lookup may offer context about a domain, but the information can be limited or privacy-protected. It is not a safety score, and it should not be treated as a complete history of who has owned a domain.

Domain age or registration details alone cannot establish that a site is legitimate. A registration record that looks plausible does not validate the page’s claims; limited or private information does not, by itself, prove wrongdoing.

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Check a URL’s reputation carefully

Google Safe Browsing checks URLs against lists of unsafe resources that include phishing and malware. Its Lookup API documentation describes sending the URL to Google for a check and identifies privacy as a consideration.

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A warning is a reason to avoid the link. A result that does not flag a URL is not a guarantee that it is safe: list-based detection can change or fail to identify a threat. Also consider what you disclose before submitting a link to a third-party checker. A private or sensitive URL may reveal information to the service receiving it.

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What each check can—and cannot—tell you

Check What it can tell you What it cannot guarantee
URL and hostname Whether the address appears to match the expected domain; misspellings or an unexpected ending can expose impersonation. That the page content is safe or the operator is trustworthy.
HTTPS and certificate The browser established a protected HTTPS connection and validated a certificate for the domain under its trust rules. That the domain belongs to the real organization or that the page is not phishing.
ICANN Lookup / RDAP Current registration data available for the domain through ICANN’s lookup service. A complete historical ownership record or a yes-or-no safety verdict.
Safe Browsing or another reputation check Whether the URL appears on the service’s unsafe-resource lists, including phishing and malware. That a URL absent from a list is safe.

When to stop and verify another way

Do not enter passwords, payment details, or sensitive information if the browser warns you or you cannot confidently establish that the site is the organization you intended to visit. Navigate independently to a known official website, open its app, or contact the organization using information obtained separately from the questionable message or page.

No single clue settles the question. A plausible address, working HTTPS, registration information, and an unflagged reputation check may reduce uncertainty, but they do not prove legitimacy. For consequential requests, verify the organization and the request through a separate, trusted channel.

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