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Set scale: 'css' or scale: 'device' in page.screenshot(). The former outputs one image pixel per CSS pixel; the latter outputs one per device pixel and is the method’s default. For Playwright Test’s toHaveScreenshot(), the same values are available, but css is the default. These are named modes, not a numeric scale multiplier. Playwright Page API · PageAssertions API
Set the scale for a regular screenshot
Pass the scale option to page.screenshot():
await page.screenshot({ path: 'screenshot.png', scale: 'css' });
// or
await page.screenshot({ path: 'screenshot.png', scale: 'device' });In TypeScript, the accepted values are 'css' and 'device'. The option does not accept a numeric multiplier such as 2.
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| Value | Output mapping | When it is useful |
|---|---|---|
css |
One screenshot pixel per CSS pixel | Choose it when CSS-pixel dimensions or smaller output files are useful. |
device |
One screenshot pixel per device pixel | Choose it when you want output at the emulated device’s pixel density. |
On a high-DPI device, device-pixel output can be twice as large or larger than CSS-pixel output. Actual dimensions depend on the page and the context’s device scale factor. The mapping and default are documented in the Page API.
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Set the scale for a visual assertion
For Playwright Test, pass the option to toHaveScreenshot():
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await expect(page).toHaveScreenshot({ scale: 'css' });The assertion also accepts 'device', but its documented default is 'css'. This differs from page.screenshot(), whose default is 'device'. Specify the value explicitly if you need saved screenshots and test snapshots to use the same mapping. See the PageAssertions API.
Understand scale, deviceScaleFactor, and fullPage
scale changes output pixel mapping
The screenshot option determines whether output pixels correspond to CSS pixels or device pixels. It does not change the page’s CSS layout.
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deviceScaleFactor configures the emulated device density
deviceScaleFactor is a browser-context option that sets the emulated device scale factor (DPR); its documented default is 1. It is separate from the screenshot’s scale option. Set it in the context configuration when you need to emulate a different device density, rather than treating it as a screenshot-output multiplier. See the BrowserType API.
fullPage changes the captured area
fullPage: true captures the full scrollable page. It affects the screenshot’s extent, not whether pixels map to CSS or device pixels. The screenshots guide shows full-page capture examples.
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Keep visual comparisons repeatable
Choosing the same scale is only one part of reliable visual testing. Playwright notes that rendering can vary with the host operating system, browser version, settings, hardware, power source, and headless mode. Keep the environment consistent between creating and checking screenshot baselines when visual repeatability matters. See the visual comparisons guide.
The screenshot scale option was introduced in Playwright v1.21, according to the release notes. Current API documentation should be used for the option’s present behavior.
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Troubleshoot scale-related surprises
- The output is larger than expected:
page.screenshot()defaults todevice. Setscale: 'css'if you want one output pixel per CSS pixel. A high device scale factor can make device-pixel output substantially larger. - A numeric value is rejected: use the documented strings
'css'or'device', not a number. - Test snapshots and saved screenshots have different dimensions: check the API defaults.
page.screenshot()defaults todevice;toHaveScreenshot()defaults tocss. Set the same explicit value in both places. - Changing scale did not change the page layout: that is expected. Configure the context’s
deviceScaleFactorto change the emulated DPR; usescaleto choose the output pixel mapping. - The capture is not tall enough: set
fullPage: trueto capture the full scrollable page. This does not change pixel scale. - Visual snapshots still differ: check that the host OS, browser version, settings, hardware, power source, and headless mode are consistent, as well as the selected scale.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Does Playwright screenshot scale change CSS layout?
No. It controls how CSS or device pixels map to output pixels; the page layout is unchanged.
Can I set the screenshot scale to 2?
No. The documented values are the strings 'css' and 'device'.
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