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World desk7 min

How to Capture Scheduled Website Screenshots at Different Viewport Sizes

Set explicit viewport sizes in Playwright, capture consistent screenshots, and run the script automatically with a scheduled GitHub Actions workflow.
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Use a browser automation script to set the page URL and viewport dimensions, capture the screenshot, and save it with a predictable name. Then schedule that script to run on a recurring basis. This guide uses Playwright for capture and GitHub Actions for scheduling and artifact storage; the browser script controls what gets captured, while the workflow controls when it runs.

Choose what each screenshot should show

Before automating captures, decide what the image is for. A screenshot can show only the currently visible viewport, the full scrollable page, or one selected element. These are different outputs: a full-page image is useful for a page archive, while a viewport capture is better for checking a responsive layout at a particular screen size. Playwright documents these screenshot options in its screenshot guide.

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  • Viewport: Captures the visible area at the chosen width and height.
  • Full page: Captures the page beyond the initial viewport, including content lower down the document.
  • Element: Captures a specific element, such as a chart or product panel.

Also decide whether you want an archive for human review or visual regression testing. An archive preserves dated images; regression testing compares new captures with a baseline to flag visual changes.

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Set viewport sizes or emulate devices

For breakpoint-oriented responsive checks, set explicit viewport width and height. That makes the intended dimensions clear and reproducible; for example, you might capture the same URL at 1440 × 900, 768 × 1024, and 390 × 844 CSS pixels. These are example dimensions, not required standards.

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Use a Playwright device descriptor when you need more than a viewport size. Device descriptors can include settings such as user agent and touch behavior as well as dimensions. A width-and-height capture tests how a layout responds to those dimensions; it does not, by itself, reproduce every characteristic of a physical device. See Playwright’s emulation documentation.

Build a Playwright capture script

The following Node.js example captures one URL at three viewport sizes. It waits for a page-specific heading to appear instead of relying on an arbitrary fixed sleep, then saves consistently named PNG files with the run date. Change the URL and selector to match the page being monitored.

  1. Install a current Node.js release and create a project directory.
  2. In that directory, run npm init -y.
  3. Install Playwright with npm install --save-dev playwright, then install its Chromium browser with npx playwright install chromium.
  4. Save the script below as capture.mjs.
  5. Run it with node capture.mjs. The images will appear in the screenshots directory.
import { chromium } from 'playwright';
import { mkdir } from 'node:fs/promises';

const url = process.env.TARGET_URL ?? 'https://example.com';
const readySelector = process.env.READY_SELECTOR ?? 'h1';
const sizes = [
  { name: 'desktop', width: 1440, height: 900 },
  { name: 'tablet', width: 768, height: 1024 },
  { name: 'mobile', width: 390, height: 844 },
];
const runDate = new Date().toISOString().slice(0, 10);

await mkdir('screenshots', { recursive: true });
const browser = await chromium.launch({ headless: true });

try {
  for (const size of sizes) {
    const page = await browser.newPage({
      viewport: { width: size.width, height: size.height },
    });

    await page.goto(url, { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded', timeout: 60000 });
    await page.locator(readySelector).waitFor({ state: 'visible', timeout: 30000 });
    await page.screenshot({
      path: `screenshots/${runDate}-${size.name}.png`,
      fullPage: false,
    });
    await page.close();
  }
} finally {
  await browser.close();
}

The script uses one browser context per viewport by creating a new page with the desired viewport. If the site needs authentication or a particular page state, add the required setup before taking the screenshot. For a full-page image, set fullPage: true. For an element-specific capture, locate the element and call screenshot on that locator, as described in the Playwright screenshot documentation.

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Wait for the right page state

domcontentloaded indicates that the initial HTML has been parsed, not that every image, API response, animation, or client-side update is finished. The example then waits for a visible heading as a basic page-specific readiness check. Replace h1 with a selector that represents the content you actually need. If the content appears only after an interaction or a known API response, add that interaction or wait condition before capturing. A fixed delay can help with known timing behavior, but it is not universally reliable across pages.

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Name files for comparison

The sample includes the date and viewport label in each filename, such as 2026-10-03-mobile.png. If the workflow may run more than once per day, include a timestamp or unique run identifier so a later capture does not overwrite an earlier one. Keep the viewport labels and dimensions stable if you intend to compare images over time.

Schedule the script with GitHub Actions

GitHub Actions provides scheduled workflow triggers; it starts the capture script on a recurring schedule, while Playwright performs the browser work. The example below runs daily at 08:00 UTC, installs the dependencies and Chromium, runs the script, and uploads the resulting images as a workflow artifact. GitHub’s schedule syntax and behavior are documented in its workflow events reference.

Add the file below as .github/workflows/website-screenshots.yml. Replace https://example.com with the site to capture. Set the TARGET_URL and READY_SELECTOR repository variables in GitHub if you prefer not to put those values in the workflow file.

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name: Scheduled website screenshots

on:
  schedule:
    - cron: '0 8 * * *'
  workflow_dispatch:

jobs:
  capture:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Check out repository
        uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Set up Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: 22

      - name: Install dependencies
        run: npm ci

      - name: Install Chromium
        run: npx playwright install --with-deps chromium

      - name: Capture screenshots
        env:
          TARGET_URL: https://example.com
          READY_SELECTOR: h1
        run: node capture.mjs

      - name: Upload screenshots
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: website-screenshots
          path: screenshots/
          retention-days: 14

The schedule uses UTC, so convert the time to UTC if you want it to align with a local time zone that observes daylight-saving changes. You can also start a run manually from the workflow’s Actions page because the file includes workflow_dispatch. The artifact remains available according to its configured retention period; change retention-days to suit the history you need. Playwright’s CI guide describes artifact handling and retention configuration.

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Keep captures comparable and useful

For visual comparisons, consistency matters as much as the viewport values. Playwright notes that browser rendering can vary with the host operating system, browser version, settings, hardware, power source, headless mode, and other factors. Its visual comparison documentation explains baseline generation and techniques for dealing with dynamic page regions.

  • Keep the browser engine, version, operating system, and screenshot settings consistent where possible.
  • Use the same viewport dimensions and page readiness condition for every run.
  • Account for changing content such as dates, rotating promotions, personalized recommendations, or live data before treating a pixel difference as a regression.
  • Choose artifact retention deliberately. Workflow artifacts suit a bounded history; teams needing longer-term storage, review, or alerts may need a separate storage or monitoring system.

The workflow shown here stores captures; it does not automatically decide whether a visual difference is acceptable. For baseline comparisons, use a visual regression workflow and define how unstable regions should be handled.

Troubleshoot common capture failures

The workflow succeeds but no image is uploaded

Check the Actions log for the capture step and confirm that the script writes to screenshots/, the same path given to the artifact upload step. A failed script prevents later steps from producing the expected output; review the error before changing the artifact settings.

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The page times out waiting for a selector

The default h1 may not exist, may be hidden, or may appear only after a different page action. Set READY_SELECTOR to a visible element that reliably indicates the target content is ready. Also check whether the target URL redirects or requires authentication.

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The screenshot shows an incomplete page

Waiting for domcontentloaded does not ensure that every dynamic element has rendered. Wait for a relevant content selector or page-specific condition. If a page loads content only after scrolling, add deliberate scrolling before capture; full-page capture alone should not be treated as a guarantee that every lazy-loaded asset has loaded.

Images differ even though the site did not change

Check whether the browser or runner environment changed, and whether the page contains dynamic content. Keep the runtime stable where practical, and exclude or stabilize expected-to-change regions when using baseline comparisons. Playwright’s visual comparisons guide covers sources of rendering variation and screenshot comparison controls.

A scheduled run does not happen at the expected local time

GitHub Actions cron schedules use UTC. Convert the desired local time to UTC and account for seasonal clock changes if the schedule should follow local time. Check the workflow event reference for current scheduling details: GitHub Actions events.

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Or skip the browser setup

If you want a screenshot API rather than maintaining a browser runner, ScreenshotNeo is a website screenshot API and MCP server. Its API can return a screenshot in PNG, JPEG, or WebP, or a PDF; use a scheduler you control to repeat the request at your chosen viewports. For example, this cURL call captures a page at a 390 × 844 viewport:

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curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://stripe.com --data-urlencode width=390 --data-urlencode height=844 -o shot.webp

See the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for request options and the accepted parameters. Its parameter names also work with those used by other screenshot APIs, which can make switching easier. ScreenshotNeo can remove cookie and consent banners, newsletter popups, and chat widgets before capture; bot checks, blank pages, failed loads, timeouts, and cache hits are not billed. Its MCP server includes take_screenshot, get_page_info, and capture_pdf for AI agents using Claude, Cursor, or another MCP client. The free plan includes 1,000 screenshots per month with no card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000 screenshots.

Sign up for ScreenshotNeo’s free plan to try 1,000 screenshots a month without a card.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I run the capture workflow manually as well as on a schedule?

Yes. The sample workflow includes workflow_dispatch, which lets you start it manually from the repository’s Actions page.

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Does a viewport screenshot test a real phone?

No. Explicit viewport dimensions test responsive layout at those CSS dimensions. Device emulation adds settings such as user agent and touch behavior, but remains browser emulation rather than a capture from physical hardware.

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