Set the browser’s application viewport explicitly with cy.viewport(), visit the page, wait for the layout you intend to test, assert its responsive behavior, then capture it with cy.screenshot(). Use { capture: 'viewport' } for one viewport image; Cypress defaults to a full-page capture that scrolls and stitches the page.
Capture the same page at several responsive widths
This Cypress spec visits the root route at three illustrative viewport sizes and saves a screenshot for each. Replace the route, dimensions, and selector with values that match your application.
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describe('responsive page screenshots', () => {
const widths = [390, 768, 1280]
widths.forEach((width) => {
it(`renders at ${width}px wide`, () => {
cy.viewport(width, 844)
cy.visit('/')
// Assert the layout you expect at this breakpoint.
cy.get('[data-testid="site-nav"]').should('be.visible')
cy.screenshot(`home-${width}`, { capture: 'viewport' })
})
})
})The example widths are not Cypress-prescribed breakpoints. Choose sizes around your own CSS transitions, and make assertions about the behavior that matters—for example, whether desktop navigation is replaced by a menu button.
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Set viewport dimensions deliberately
Use cy.viewport() for a test-specific size
cy.viewport(width, height) sets the application viewport in CSS pixels. It also accepts documented device-size presets and optional portrait or landscape orientation. Before a test changes it, Cypress’s documented default is 1000×660; Cypress restores its default size between tests. See the Cypress viewport API.
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A preset is a convenient viewport size, not a complete simulation of a named phone. Cypress documents that devicePixelRatio is not simulated, so a viewport screenshot alone does not establish physical-device rendering, touch behavior, or device-specific browser chrome.
Set a suite-wide default in configuration
For a shared starting size, configure viewportWidth and viewportHeight in Cypress configuration. For a different size during a test, call cy.viewport(); the current documentation says Cypress.config() cannot change those two viewport settings for the running test. See Cypress configuration.
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Choose the right screenshot capture mode
cy.screenshot() defaults to capture: 'fullPage'. Cypress scrolls and stitches the page from top to bottom, which can make fixed or sticky elements appear more than once. For a responsive image representing only the current visible area, specify { capture: 'viewport' }. The runner mode includes the Cypress Command Log; failure screenshots are coerced to runner capture behavior. Details are in the Cypress screenshot API.
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- Use
capture: 'viewport'when comparing or reviewing one responsive viewport at a time. - Use the default full-page mode when the whole page is the subject, while accounting for stitching behavior.
- Use
clip: { x, y, width, height }to crop a capture. - Use
blackoutselectors to hide sensitive elements in application captures.
Cypress disables timers and CSS animations by default during capture. The screenshot API also offers callbacks before and after capture for controlled DOM changes and saved-image metadata.
Make screenshots repeatable and meaningful
- Choose widths from your layout. Cover the transitions defined by your CSS; test immediately on either side of an important breakpoint when that distinction matters. There is no universal Cypress breakpoint list.
- Set dimensions explicitly. Set them in each test or test setup. Cypress controls the application viewport, while its preview pane may scale the app to fit the host display.
- Visit the route and wait for meaningful state. Prefer an assertion or application signal over an arbitrary delay. Screenshot capture is asynchronous, so the application can change between the command and the saved image.
- Assert the responsive outcome. Verify the intended layout—for example, a grid’s column count or the presence of a mobile menu—before capturing. The screenshot records the result; the assertion documents the expected behavior.
- Control sources of visual change. Keep test data and time-dependent content consistent and wait for the page to stabilize. Cypress’s visual-testing guidance discusses controlling rendering environments, content, and timing.
Disabling timers and CSS animations helps, but does not make changing backend data or application state deterministic. Stabilize those inputs separately.
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Find and manage the screenshot files
The default screenshot directory is cypress/screenshots; change it with screenshotsFolder in Cypress configuration. In cypress run, Cypress captures test failures by default. It also clears asset folders before a run unless trashAssetsBeforeRuns is disabled, so do not assume artifacts from an earlier run will still be present. Failure screenshots are captured in run mode, not automatically in cypress open.
Know what Cypress screenshots do—and do not—prove
A Cypress screenshot is a capture, not an image comparison. Cypress’s official guide states, “Cypress does not perform image comparison itself.” For baselines, diffs, or review workflows, use a visual-testing integration. Cypress’s visual testing guide describes options including Percy, LambdaTest SmartUI, Sauce Labs Visual, Chromatic, and Happo. Evaluate them by browser and viewport support, where rendering and diffs run, baseline and approval management, CI workflow, and whether your team needs hosted review.
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Troubleshooting responsive screenshot tests
- The image has the wrong dimensions: Set
cy.viewport(width, height)in the test or use the configuration defaults. Remember that the preview pane can scale how the application appears on screen. - The image contains the whole page instead of one screen: Set
{ capture: 'viewport' }; full-page capture is the default. - Sticky or fixed content appears more than once: This can happen when full-page capture scrolls and stitches. Capture the viewport instead if a single-screen image meets the test need.
- The screenshot shows a transient layout or stale content: Wait on a meaningful selector or application signal and assert the target state before capture. Control variable data and time-dependent content; capture itself is asynchronous.
- Old screenshots disappear after a run: Cypress clears asset folders before a run by default. Review
trashAssetsBeforeRunsif your workflow requires preserving existing assets. - A failure screenshot looks different from a manual capture: Cypress uses runner capture behavior for failures. Also, automatic failure screenshots are associated with
cypress run, notcypress open. - A viewport screenshot does not match a real phone: Viewport dimensions do not simulate
devicePixelRatioor all physical-device behavior. - You need a visual regression diff:
cy.screenshot()does not compare images. Add a visual-testing integration that fits your browser, baseline, approval, and CI requirements.
Or skip the browser setup
If you need a screenshot without writing a Cypress test, ScreenshotNeo returns a screenshot or PDF from one GET request. Its API accepts familiar screenshot parameter names, which can make switching easier. See the ScreenshotNeo API documentation.
curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://stripe.com -o shot.webpScreenshotNeo accepts cookie and consent banners like a visitor and removes more than 60 known consent platforms, newsletter popups, and chat widgets before capture; each step can be turned off. Bot checks, blank pages, timeouts, failed loads, and cache hits cost nothing, and the response identifies the page verdict and billing status in headers. Its MCP server includes take_screenshot, get_page_info, and capture_pdf for AI agents. The Free plan includes 1,000 screenshots per month with no card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000 screenshots.
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