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How to Capture Full-Page Screenshots with BackstopJS

Set a BackstopJS scenario to selectors: ["document"] to capture the full page, then configure readiness and stable test data for reliable visual comparisons.

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To capture an entire page with BackstopJS, set the scenario’s selectors to ["document"]. The document selector targets the full document; viewport captures only the configured screen area. BackstopJS defaults to document when selectors is omitted, but specifying it makes the full-page intent clear.

Configure a full-page scenario

A BackstopJS configuration needs at least one viewport and one or more scenarios. Each viewport has a label, width, and height; each scenario needs a label and URL. This CommonJS configuration captures the full page at a 1280 × 800 viewport:

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module.exports = {
  id: "my-project",
  viewports: [
    { label: "desktop", width: 1280, height: 800 }
  ],
  scenarios: [
    {
      label: "home full page",
      url: "http://localhost:3000/",
      selectors: ["document"]
    }
  ]
};

Save the configuration in the location your BackstopJS project uses, replacing the example URL with the page you want to test. The BackstopJS project documentation describes document and viewport as its two special selectors.

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Choose the capture target

  • selectors: ["document"] captures the entire document, including content beyond the initial screen.
  • selectors: ["viewport"] captures only the currently configured viewport.

Use viewport dimensions that reflect the screen sizes relevant to your users. The viewport defines the browser screen size for the scenario; it does not limit a document capture to that height.

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Wait for content before capture

A full-document target does not guarantee that all content has rendered when the screenshot is taken. For client-rendered or Ajax-driven pages, configure a readiness condition that reflects when the content you care about is available.

Use a ready selector

Set readySelector to a selector that appears when the required content is present. This is useful when the page exposes a stable element that signals readiness.

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Use a ready event

Set readyEvent to a message your application logs after its required content is ready. The application must emit that message at the correct time; otherwise the event does not reliably indicate that the page is ready for comparison.

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Use a delay only when appropriate

A scenario can use delay to pause for a specified duration. The guide gives one second as an example, not a universally suitable wait. A fixed delay may be too short on a slow run and unnecessarily long on a fast one, so prefer a meaningful readiness signal when available.

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Where practical, use known, stable data fixtures for dynamic pages. Predictable content makes a visual comparison more useful than simply masking every changing part of the page.

Prepare authenticated or interactive pages

Some pages need browser state or interaction before they reach the state you want to capture. BackstopJS documents scripts for this setup:

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  • onBeforeScript can prepare browser state, including cookies.
  • onReadyScript can change the UI after readiness conditions, for example by clicking or hovering.
  • The default onBefore script can import cookie files.

Prepare only the state needed to reproduce the target consistently. For example, an authenticated account page may need a valid session cookie, while a menu comparison may need an interaction that opens the menu before capture.

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Handle multiple matches and unstable regions

Capture all matching elements when needed

If a CSS selector matches multiple elements, BackstopJS captures the first match by default. Set selectorExpansion: true when you want it to capture every match. With expansion enabled, expect can validate the expected number of matches.

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Hide or remove dynamic content deliberately

Use hideSelectors to hide selected content while retaining its layout flow. Use removeSelectors to remove matching elements from the DOM before capture. These choices change what the visual comparison measures: hiding preserves space, while removal changes the document layout. Prefer stable test data when possible, and mask or remove a region only when that matches the purpose of the test.

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Create and review visual baselines

  1. Configure the URL, viewport, readiness behavior, and document selector for the scenario.
  2. Run backstop reference to create the reference images.
  3. Run backstop test to capture test images and generate the comparison report.
  4. Review the visual report. Run backstop approve only when the changed images should become the accepted references.

Approval is a baseline update, not a fix for the page or a confirmation that every difference is harmless. Inspect changes before approving so an unintended regression does not become the new expected result.

Troubleshoot incomplete or noisy captures

  • Only the visible screen appears: Confirm that the scenario uses selectors: ["document"], not ["viewport"].
  • Content is missing near the bottom: Check whether the page renders that content asynchronously. Add an appropriate readySelector, readyEvent, or measured delay.
  • The page is in the wrong state: Prepare required cookies or browser state with onBeforeScript or the documented cookie import, and use onReadyScript for necessary interactions.
  • A selector captures only one of several elements: Enable selectorExpansion: true if the test should capture every match; use expect to check the expected count.
  • Comparisons change on every run: Stabilize test data where practical. If dynamic content is irrelevant to the test, decide whether to hide it while preserving layout or remove it from the DOM.
  • A baseline changed unexpectedly: Review the report before running backstop approve; approval promotes the latest test images into the reference collection.

Or skip the browser setup

BackstopJS is suited to repeatable visual regression tests. If you need a screenshot from a single API request instead, ScreenshotNeo returns a screenshot or PDF from a URL. Its cleanup options accept cookie or consent banners and remove more than 60 known consent platforms, newsletter popups, and chat widgets before capture; each step can be turned off. Bot checks, blank pages, timeouts, failed loads, and cache hits are not billed, and responses identify the page verdict and billing status in headers. It also provides an MCP server for AI agents, with tools including take_screenshot, get_page_info, and capture_pdf.

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Example cURL request (replace YOUR_API_KEY with your key):

curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://stripe.com -o shot.webp

See the ScreenshotNeo documentation for API details. The free plan includes 1,000 screenshots per month with no card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000 screenshots. Sign up for free.

Quick Recap

SaleBestseller No. 1
Kodak PIXPRO FZ45 16MP Compact Digital Camera, 4X Optical Zoom, AA, Black
Kodak PIXPRO FZ45 16MP Compact Digital Camera, 4X Optical Zoom, AA, Black
16MP Sensor: Captures detailed photos with a CMOS sensor for everyday shooting; Full HD Video: Records 1080p video for travel clips, family moments, or simple vlogging
$99.99
Bestseller No. 2
Kodak PIXPRO FZ55 16MP Compact Digital Camera, 5X Optical Zoom, Red
Kodak PIXPRO FZ55 16MP Compact Digital Camera, 5X Optical Zoom, Red
16MP Sensor: Captures detailed photos with a CMOS sensor for everyday shooting; Full HD Video: Records 1080p video for travel clips, family moments, or simple vlogging
$139.99

Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on Amazon at the time of purchase will apply.

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