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How to Capture a Right-to-Left Arabic Web Page Screenshot in Chrome Headless

Set an Arabic page’s HTML direction before capture, then use Chrome Headless for a viewport image or Puppeteer for full-page and element screenshots.
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For an Arabic page that should flow right to left, set the document’s base direction with dir="rtl" and identify its language with lang="ar", then capture it with Chrome Headless. For a quick viewport screenshot, use --screenshot and an explicit --window-size. Use Puppeteer when you need scripted navigation, full-page capture, or an element screenshot. If you do not control the page HTML, check its rendered direction and fonts in the capture environment; the screenshot command cannot repair incorrect markup or missing glyphs.

Set the page language and direction

When the page’s overall content is Arabic and right-to-left, declare both language and direction on the root HTML element:

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<html lang="ar" dir="rtl">

lang identifies the document’s language; dir sets its base text direction. They are separate attributes. The W3C recommends using the HTML dir attribute to establish base direction rather than CSS, and recommends declaring language with lang. See the W3C guidance on HTML direction.

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Do not assume that every item on an Arabic page is itself RTL. Latin words, URLs, and numbers may need to appear as left-to-right runs inside Arabic text. Direction is determined by script and context, not by language alone. Inspect mixed-script content in the rendered page before capturing it; the W3C article on inline bidirectional markup explains the issue.

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Capture a viewport with Chrome Headless

For a one-off screenshot, specify the browser window dimensions and a maximum wait in milliseconds:

chrome --headless --screenshot --window-size=1280,1000 --timeout=5000 'https://example.com/'

Replace the URL and dimensions with your target page and desired viewport. Chrome saves the image as screenshot.png in the current working directory. The --timeout value is a maximum wait before capture, not confirmation that every image, font, or asynchronous component has finished loading. See Chrome’s Headless documentation for current command-line behavior.

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This command captures a viewport-sized screenshot. The reviewed Chrome documentation does not establish a command-line option for capturing the entire document; use Puppeteer’s fullPage option when you need that.

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Use Puppeteer for repeatable or full-page screenshots

Install Puppeteer in your project and use this ES module example to capture the complete page after navigation reaches the networkidle2 condition:

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import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';

const browser = await puppeteer.launch();
try {
  const page = await browser.newPage();
  await page.setViewport({ width: 1280, height: 1000 });
  await page.goto('https://example.com/', { waitUntil: 'networkidle2' });
  await page.screenshot({ path: 'arabic-page.png', fullPage: true });
} finally {
  await browser.close();
}

Use fullPage: true to capture beyond the current viewport. For a particular visible element, select it and call its screenshot method; for a specific rectangular region, use the screenshot clip option. Puppeteer’s guide covers page and element screenshots, and its screenshot options reference documents options including fullPage, clip, path, and captureBeyondViewport. Pin the Puppeteer version used in production and consult the documentation for that version, since the live API reference can change.

Choose the capture method for the result you need

Need Practical choice What to account for
One viewport image Chrome Headless CLI Set window dimensions explicitly; the file is saved in the working directory.
Repeatable scripted capture Puppeteer Control navigation, viewport, and screenshot options in code.
Entire document image Puppeteer with fullPage: true The full-page behavior is an explicit screenshot option.
One element or region Puppeteer element screenshot or clip Make sure the target is visible and positioned as intended.

These choices differ in control and capture scope. The cited documentation does not establish a performance benchmark or cost comparison between them.

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Troubleshoot direction, fonts, and incomplete pages

  • Arabic appears left-to-right: Check the rendered document’s root element for dir="rtl". If you control the markup, set the base direction in HTML rather than relying on CSS.
  • Latin text, numbers, or URLs look misplaced: Review the mixed-script run in context. Arabic language metadata does not itself define the direction of every embedded script.
  • Layout changes between runs: Set the viewport explicitly in the CLI or Puppeteer so responsive breakpoints and screenshot dimensions are predictable.
  • Content or images are missing: A fixed CLI timeout may end before asynchronous content is ready. In Puppeteer, choose a navigation wait condition appropriate to the page and verify the relevant content before taking the screenshot.
  • Arabic glyphs are missing or inconsistent: Check which fonts are installed in the same operating system or container that runs the capture, and whether the selected font covers Arabic. Font fallback varies by runtime; there is no universal font package established here, so validate the actual output environment.
  • The screenshot cuts off the page: A CLI viewport capture is not a full-document capture. Use Puppeteer’s fullPage: true or capture a specific element or region.
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Or skip the browser setup

ScreenshotNeo is a website screenshot API and MCP server. Its one-call endpoint can return a screenshot or PDF; see the ScreenshotNeo API documentation. This cURL example captures a target URL:

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curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://example.com/ -o shot.webp

ScreenshotNeo accepts cookie or consent banners like a visitor and removes more than 60 known consent platforms, newsletter popups, and chat widgets before capture; those steps can be turned off. Bot checks or CAPTCHAs, blank pages, timeouts, failed loads, and cache hits are not billed, and response headers identify the page verdict and billing status. Its MCP server includes take_screenshot, get_page_info, and capture_pdf for AI agents. The free plan includes 1,000 screenshots a month with no card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Does Chrome Headless automatically make an Arabic page right-to-left?

No. The page’s HTML needs an appropriate base direction, such as dir="rtl"; the screenshot command captures the rendered page rather than correcting its markup.

Does --timeout guarantee that fonts and images have loaded?

No. It sets a maximum wait before Chrome captures. Check the page’s relevant assets and content in the target runtime.

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