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Use a browser automation script to visit each URL, capture its final main-document response status, save a screenshot, and append one result row per input to a CSV or JSON log. Keep HTTP status separate from capture status: a rendered 404 page can still be screenshotted, while a timeout or DNS failure may produce no screenshot at all.
What to record for every URL
A useful batch log lets you answer two different questions: what HTTP response did the page return, and did the browser successfully save an image? Record these fields for each input:
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- input_url: the URL as it appeared in your source list.
- final_url: the page URL after redirects, if navigation reached one.
- http_status: the final main-document response status, or null when no response was received.
- capture_status: a separate value such as
okorfailed. - screenshot_path: the saved image filename, or null if no image was created.
- error: the exception or failure detail, if any.
This schema is an implementation choice, not a field set that every tool creates automatically. It preserves redirects and distinguishes HTTP errors from navigation, network, and screenshot failures.
Bulk screenshot URLs with Playwright
Playwright lets you control navigation and capture directly. Its screenshot documentation covers saving screenshots to files and using the fullPage option to capture the scrollable page.
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1. Install the browser automation package
For a Node.js project, install Playwright and its browser:
npm install playwright
npx playwright install chromium
2. Put one URL per line
Create urls.txt:
https://example.com
https://example.org
https://example.net/not-found
3. Save this script as bulk-screenshot.mjs
The script below writes a CSV header immediately and appends each result as it finishes. It records the final main-document response status when available, but still attempts to screenshot pages that return HTTP error responses.
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import { chromium } from 'playwright';
import { appendFile, mkdir, readFile } from 'node:fs/promises';
import path from 'node:path';
const inputFile = process.argv[2] ?? 'urls.txt';
const outputDir = 'screenshots';
const logFile = 'results.csv';
const fullPage = process.env.FULL_PAGE === '1';
const timeoutMs = Number(process.env.TIMEOUT_MS ?? 30000);
function csv(value) {
const text = value == null ? '' : String(value);
return `"${text.replaceAll('"', '""')}"`;
}
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function safePart(value) {
return value.replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9._-]+/g, '_').replace(/^_+|_+$/g, '').slice(0, 70) || 'page';
}
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try {
const url = new URL(rawUrl);
return `${String(index).padStart(4, '0')}_${safePart(url.hostname)}_${safePart(url.pathname)}.png`;
} catch {
return `${String(index).padStart(4, '0')}_invalid-url.png`;
}
}
const urls = (await readFile(inputFile, 'utf8'))
.split(/r?n/)
.map(line => line.trim())
.filter(line => line && !line.startsWith('#'));
await mkdir(outputDir, { recursive: true });
await appendFile(logFile, 'input_url,final_url,http_status,capture_status,screenshot_path,errorn');
const browser = await chromium.launch();
try {
const page = await browser.newPage();
page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeoutMs);
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let response = null;
let finalUrl = '';
let screenshotPath = '';
let captureStatus = 'failed';
let error = '';
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try {
response = await page.goto(inputUrl, { waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded' });
finalUrl = page.url();
screenshotPath = path.join(outputDir, screenshotName(index + 1, inputUrl));
await page.screenshot({ path: screenshotPath, fullPage });
captureStatus = 'ok';
} catch (err) {
error = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
finalUrl = page.url();
// A navigation can fail after a page has rendered. Try to preserve its visible state.
if (finalUrl && finalUrl !== 'about:blank') {
try {
screenshotPath = path.join(outputDir, screenshotName(index + 1, inputUrl));
await page.screenshot({ path: screenshotPath, fullPage });
} catch (shotErr) {
error += `${error ? ' | ' : ''}Screenshot: ${shotErr instanceof Error ? shotErr.message : String(shotErr)}`;
screenshotPath = '';
}
}
}
const row = [inputUrl, finalUrl, response?.status() ?? '', captureStatus, screenshotPath, error].map(csv).join(',') + 'n';
await appendFile(logFile, row);
console.log(`${index + 1}/${urls.length}: ${inputUrl} — HTTP ${response?.status() ?? 'none'}, capture ${captureStatus}`);
}
} finally {
await browser.close();
}
4. Run it
node bulk-screenshot.mjs urls.txt
By default, this saves viewport screenshots as PNG files in screenshots/ and appends records to results.csv. For full-page captures, run FULL_PAGE=1 node bulk-screenshot.mjs urls.txt. To change the navigation timeout, set TIMEOUT_MS, for example TIMEOUT_MS=60000 node bulk-screenshot.mjs urls.txt.
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HTTP response errors
A 4xx or 5xx status is a server response, not necessarily a capture failure. The page may render an error page that is useful to keep. This script logs the response status and attempts the screenshot rather than treating HTTP status alone as a reason to stop.
Navigation and network failures
A DNS failure, connection problem, or timeout can prevent the browser from receiving a main-document response. In that case, http_status is blank, and the error column records the exception. A screenshot may still be possible if the browser has rendered a page before navigation failed; the script makes a best-effort attempt.
Redirects
The input and final URL are logged independently. The status returned by page.goto() refers to the final main-document response, not a list of every redirect hop. If you need a redirect-by-redirect audit, capture and log the navigation response chain separately.
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Choose capture and readiness settings
Viewport or full page
- Viewport: a faster, consistent snapshot of the initially visible area.
- Full page: captures the scrollable page and can produce much larger images. Use it when the entire document matters.
Playwright documents full-page capture as an option in its screenshot API: https://playwright.dev/docs/screenshots.
Dynamic content and lazy loading
The script uses domcontentloaded as a repeatable baseline, not a guarantee that every site’s application data, images, or animations are ready. For a known application, wait for a meaningful selector or add a deliberate delay before the screenshot. Check representative captures: no single wait condition is established as correct for every site. Lazy-loaded imagery may require scrolling or site-specific readiness handling before taking a full-page capture.
Cookies, overlays, and authentication
Consent dialogs, chat widgets, newsletter popups, and login walls can appear in the captured image. Authenticated pages require a deliberate authentication setup, such as loading the required session state or supplying credentials through an appropriate secure process. Do not place secrets in a public URL list or commit them to source control.
Make batch runs safer and easier to review
- Keep filenames unique: the sequence prefix prevents repeated paths from overwriting earlier captures; the host and sanitized path make files easier to identify.
- Write incrementally: appending each completed row preserves prior results if a later URL fails or the process is interrupted.
- Keep the input list: retaining the original URL alongside the final URL makes redirects and bad inputs diagnosable.
- Plan disk use: full-page images can be much larger than viewport images. Make sure the output directory has room, and use a retention policy if runs are frequent.
- Manage concurrency deliberately: this example processes one page at a time, which is simple and avoids a sudden burst of browser traffic. Add parallel workers only when the target sites, machine, and rate limits can handle them.
When a command-line batch tool fits
shot-scraper documentation describes multi-URL screenshot workflows and a --fail-on-error option. That can suit repeatable shell or scheduled jobs. Its documentation also advises HAR ZIP output for larger runs, rather than oversized JSON HAR output that could cause Playwright to crash. Confirm the current command syntax and options in its documentation before building a job around them.
For an HTTP-error audit, verify whether your chosen command-line workflow records the final document status, redirects, screenshot outcome, and exception text as separate fields. A tool’s fail-on-error behavior does not by itself define the log schema you need.
Or skip the browser setup
ScreenshotNeo offers a one-request screenshot API and an MCP server for AI agents. Its capture flow accepts cookie/consent banners and removes more than 60 known consent platforms, newsletter popups, and chat widgets before the shot; each cleanup step can be disabled. Bot checks/CAPTCHAs, blank pages, timeouts, failed loads, and cache hits are not billed, and responses identify page verdict and billing status in headers. The service supports PNG, JPEG, WebP, or PDF captures.
For a simple API capture, substitute your target URL and API key in this cURL request. See the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for request parameters and response handling.
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curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://stripe.com -o shot.webp
ScreenshotNeo can be used for individual captures or broader workflows, but this one-call example does not create the per-URL CSV log shown in the Playwright section; build that logging layer if your audit requires it. It also provides take_screenshot, get_page_info, and capture_pdf tools through an MCP server for Claude, Cursor, or any MCP client. The Free plan includes 1,000 shots per month with no card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000 shots. Every feature is on every plan. Learn more at ScreenshotNeo.
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Troubleshooting common failures
- Browser executable missing: run
npx playwright install chromiumafter installing the package. - Timeouts on slow pages: increase
TIMEOUT_MSor set a site-specific readiness condition. A longer timeout can increase total batch duration. - Blank screenshot despite a successful response: the page may render content after
domcontentloaded, require interaction, or depend on scripts or authentication. Wait for a meaningful element and inspect a sample capture. - HTTP status is blank: navigation may have failed before a main-document response was received, or the URL may be invalid. Review the exception and input URL; do not label this as HTTP 200.
- Screenshot path is empty: the browser did not save an image. Check the recorded error and filesystem permissions or available disk space.
- Rows appear repeated after reruns: the script appends to
results.csv. Move or remove the old log before a fresh run if you want a new report; keep it if you want an ongoing history. - CSV parsing breaks on commas or quotes: use a CSV-aware reader. The script quotes fields and doubles embedded quotation marks.
Frequently asked questions
Does a 404 stop the screenshot?
No. The script records the final response status and attempts a screenshot even when the response is 404 or another HTTP error.
Does the CSV include every redirect status?
No. It records the final main-document status and final URL. Logging every redirect hop requires collecting the response chain separately.
Can I use JSON instead of CSV?
Yes. Keep the same per-URL fields and append one JSON object per line (JSONL) after each result. JSONL is convenient when error text contains commas or when the log will be processed programmatically.
Quick Recap
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