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How Thunderbird backs up email
With an IMAP account, Thunderbird synchronizes messages and folders with the mail provider and stores message data locally. This works for Outlook.com and Hotmail, as well as other online accounts that support IMAP. The local copy is useful if you later lose access to the account, but it is not an independent archive: changes such as deletions can sync from the provider to Thunderbird.
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As Leo A. Notenboom of Ask Leo! puts it, “If it’s only in one place, it’s not backed up.” Thunderbird adds a local copy; backing up the computer adds another recovery layer.
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Set up Thunderbird to download your messages
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Download Thunderbird from its official website. Avoid download aggregator sites.
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Open Thunderbird and add your existing email account. Follow the current prompts for your provider, and choose IMAP if Thunderbird offers a choice of account type.
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Complete the provider’s sign-in and authorization steps. For Outlook.com or Hotmail, this may involve signing in through Microsoft and approving Thunderbird’s access. The screens and requirements depend on the provider and can change.
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Leave Thunderbird open and connected while it downloads messages. If the interface provides a Download or Sync action, use it to fetch messages and folders; allow the operation to finish before relying on the local copy.
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The exact labels and authentication flow can vary by Thunderbird version and email provider. IMAP support and account settings also vary, so these steps are not a guarantee that every account can be added using the same process.
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Keep the local email copy current
Run Thunderbird periodically and let it finish synchronizing. Messages received since the last session will not be in the local copy until Thunderbird connects and downloads them. A client left unused for a long time can therefore hold an outdated snapshot.
Remember that ordinary IMAP synchronization includes account activity. If you delete a message from the provider’s website or another connected device, that deletion may sync to Thunderbird. Treat the client as a synchronized local copy, not as protection against every online change.
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Back up contacts and Thunderbird data separately
Export contacts from your email provider
IMAP transfers email, not your contacts. Export contacts separately using your provider’s contacts or address-book tools, then save the exported file somewhere included in your computer backups.
Include Thunderbird’s local data in computer backups
Back up the computer regularly, making sure the backup captures Thunderbird’s local profile data as well as the exported contacts file. A separate backup copy—such as one stored off-site—can help if the computer itself is lost or damaged. Ask Leo! also discusses cloud storage as an off-site option in “One Year Markdown”; confirm that any backup method you choose actually includes Thunderbird’s local data and can restore it.
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A practical backup routine
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Open Thunderbird regularly and wait for mail and folder updates to finish.
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Export contacts separately and include the export in computer backups.
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Run regular computer backups that include Thunderbird’s local profile.
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Keep another backup copy separate from the computer, and check that your backup process can restore the files you need.
For provider-specific setup guidance and the Outlook.com/Hotmail example, see Ask Leo!’s “Back Up Your Email Using Thunderbird”.
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