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How to Add a Password to a PDF on a Mac

Preview can require a password to open a PDF and set a separate owner password for permissions. Here’s the documented workflow and how to verify the saved file.
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Use the built-in Preview app: open the PDF, choose File > Export, set a password under Permissions, then apply and save. To keep the original unchanged, export the protected PDF under a new name.

Password-protect a PDF in Preview

  1. Open the PDF in Preview.

  2. Choose File > Export. To preserve the original, enter a different name for the exported file.

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  3. Click Permissions, then select Require Password To Open Document.

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  4. Enter the opening password and enter it again to verify it.

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  5. In the Owner Password section, enter and verify an owner password. Apple says this can be the same as or different from the opening password.

  6. Set the permission checkboxes for actions such as printing or making changes. An allowed action does not require the owner password; leave an action unselected to require that password.

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  7. Click Apply, then Save.

Apple documents this workflow in its Preview guide to password-protecting a PDF. Apple says the changes take effect the next time the PDF is opened. Close and reopen the saved file to check that it prompts for the opening password before you share it.

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Opening password vs. owner password

Password

What it controls

What the recipient encounters

Opening password

Access to the PDF itself.

They must enter it to open the document.

Owner password

Specified permissions, such as printing or making changes.

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Actions left unselected in Preview’s permissions require the owner password; actions allowed in the settings do not.

Preview’s permission settings are separate from requiring a password to open the document. Choose the settings according to what recipients should be able to do.

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What not to confuse with PDF password protection

Finder’s Locked checkbox is not the same as requiring a password to open a PDF. Apple describes the Finder setting as preventing the file from being edited or deleted; Preview’s PDF controls set an opening password and permissions for document actions.

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macOS version note

Apple’s cited Preview User Guide is for macOS Tahoe. The documented workflow is Apple’s current guidance; menu labels or steps may differ in older macOS versions, so consult the guide for the version installed on your Mac.

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