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Morse code represents supported letters, numbers and punctuation with timed short and long signals. A dot lasts one time unit and a dash lasts three, but the pauses between signals, characters and words are just as important as the dots and dashes. A browser translator applies those patterns to typed text and, when the input preserves boundaries, can decode Morse back into text.
How Morse code works
International Morse assigns a distinct sequence of short and long signals to each character in its defined set. The signals may be heard as tones, seen as flashes or represented in writing as dots and dashes. The governing reference is the International Telecommunication Union’s Recommendation M.1677-1, International Morse code, approved on October 3, 2009; the ITU lists it as “In force (Main).”
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A dot and a dash differ primarily in duration. Morse rhythm is based on one time unit, with the signal and silence lengths measured against that unit:
| Part of the signal | Duration |
|---|---|
| Dot | 1 unit |
| Dash | 3 units |
| Gap between marks within a character | 1 unit |
| Gap between characters | 3 units |
| Gap between words | 7 units |
These are proportions, not fixed amounts of time: changing the transmission speed changes how long a unit lasts, but not the ratios. The rhythm source, Morse Code Standard, Timing & Tool Testing, was reviewed August 26, 2026.
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Why the pauses matter
The pattern for a character is made up of marks separated by short gaps. Longer silences indicate that one character or word has ended. As a result, a string of dots and dashes without boundaries can have more than one possible interpretation. When writing Morse for a decoder, use the spacing convention it expects rather than assuming the marks alone identify every character.
How dots and dashes become readable text
In written Morse, a dot stands for a short signal and a dash for a long one. For example, S is commonly shown as ... and O as ---. A browser reference page displays SOS as ...---... to illustrate its continuous signal; that display does not place letter gaps between the S, O and S. In ordinary written text, keep character boundaries clear when a decoder needs to identify individual letters.
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For example, Morse-Code.info writes HELLO WORLD as .... . .-.. .-.. --- / .-- --- .-. .-.. -.., using spaces between letters and a slash for the word break. Its page also accepts three spaces as a word break. Those are conventions of that particular tool, not a universal requirement for writing Morse. Follow the instructions of whichever translator you use.
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A text-to-Morse function looks up each supported character and returns its dot-and-dash pattern. A Morse-to-text function reads the marks and interprets the spaces or other delimiters as character and word boundaries. The result depends on the translator’s character mappings and input rules; an unspaced sequence or an unsupported character may not decode as intended.
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Some tools offer more than text conversion. Morse-Code.info, for example, presents synchronized text and Morse fields and offers sound playback, flashing light, vibration, sharing and audio download. These are features listed by that site; they are not standard features of every browser translator.
Choosing a translator for your task
Before using a tool, check the features that affect your input and the kind of result you need:
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- Direction: Does it convert text to Morse, Morse to text, or both?
- Input: Does it accept typed text and written Morse only, or can it also process recorded or live audio?
- Output: Does it show symbols, play audio, flash a light, use vibration or create a downloadable file?
- Boundaries: What does it expect between letters and words?
- Character coverage: Does it support the letters, numbers and punctuation you need, and how does it handle accented or non-Latin text?
- Processing statement: Does the provider say conversion happens locally, and where can you read its current privacy information?
Morse-Code.info says its encoding, decoding, sound playback and WAV generation run in JavaScript on the user’s device, and that text is not transmitted or stored. That is the site’s own description of its behavior, not an independent security audit. Check the site’s current privacy information if local processing matters to your decision.
Why two translators may show different results
Differences can come from the way a tool marks letter and word breaks, the characters it supports, or how it handles input outside the standard set. International Morse covers Latin letters, Arabic numerals and selected punctuation and procedural signals; it does not give every accented letter or non-Latin character a single universally agreed equivalent.
A translator may transliterate or normalize text, apply an extension, or skip characters it cannot map. Check its explanation of unsupported characters and review the output before using it. International Morse should also not be confused with historical American Morse or with mappings a particular website adds.
Limits of browser audio
A browser can play tones or produce other signals as a presentation aid, but its audio is not a calibrated radio transmitter. Playback can depend on browser support, volume, autoplay restrictions, available memory, power-saving behavior and whether a tab is in the background. A web translator is useful for converting text and practicing patterns; do not treat its sound output as a substitute for properly configured communications equipment or as suitable for regulated operational communication.
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