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Nextcloud administrators using the optional Collabora Online – Built-in CODE Server app should treat versions below 26.4.303 as vulnerable. Collabora disclosed a critical, unauthenticated operating-system command-injection flaw that can run commands as the web-server account while the local CODE process is stopped. Upgrade the app to 26.4.303 or later, or remove it; simply disabling the app does not address the defect.
What the vulnerability does
The affected component
The issue is tracked as CVE-2026-110447 and GHSA-g3vx-3m76-fghh. It is in Nextcloud’s richdocumentscode package, which provides the built-in CODE server for Collabora Online. Collabora rated it critical with a CVSS v4 base score of 9.2.
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Collabora’s October 14, 2026 advisory states: “A request can cause an operating system command to run as the web server user.” Because the command runs under the web server’s account, the practical impact depends on that account’s permissions and the files, credentials and services it can reach.
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The vulnerable request reaches proxy.php without requiring a Nextcloud login. Exploitation is possible when the built-in CODE server is not running—for example, during a container restart, an upgrade, or recovery from a crash. The failure condition is important: a normally running CODE process may not expose the same window, but every stop or restart creates an opportunity while an old app version remains installed.
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What is not affected
This specific vulnerability does not affect a separately deployed, standalone Collabora Online server. The affected deployment is the optional CODE server bundled inside Nextcloud through richdocumentscode.
How to determine whether a Nextcloud server is exposed
Check for the built-in CODE app
- Sign in to Nextcloud with an administrator account.
- Open the administration area’s Apps list and search for Collabora Online – Built-in CODE Server.
- Confirm the package name,
richdocumentscode, and record the installed version shown by Nextcloud.
Versions below 26.4.303 are affected. Version 26.4.303 contains the fix; a later version is also acceptable.
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Check the Nextcloud release
Installations running Nextcloud 29 or older cannot install the fixed app version. Those systems must be upgraded to a supported Nextcloud release that can accept the fixed package, or the built-in CODE app must be removed.
Do not infer safety from a disabled status
Disabling the app leaves the vulnerable files on the server. Collabora explicitly warns: “It is not sufficient to disable the app to avoid the problem, it must be upgraded to >= 26.4.303 or removed.”
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Remediation choices
| Action | Remediation certainty | Document-editing availability | Supportability | Forensic confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Upgrade richdocumentscode to 26.4.303 or later |
Fixes the known defect while retaining the built-in service | Usually preserves built-in CODE editing after the upgrade completes | Requires a Nextcloud release that can install the fixed app | Does not establish that earlier exploitation did not occur |
| Remove the built-in CODE app | Removes the vulnerable component | Built-in CODE editing stops until another supported editor is configured | Works when the Nextcloud release cannot install 26.4.303 | Still requires investigation if the server may have been accessed |
| Disable only | Not sufficient; vulnerable code remains present | Editing through the app is unavailable | Does not satisfy the vendor’s remediation instruction | Provides no evidence that the host is clean |
Upgrade path
- Use the administrator Apps list to select Collabora Online – Built-in CODE Server.
- Apply the available update and verify that the installed version is 26.4.303 or newer.
- Complete any required container or service restart, then confirm that document editing works.
- Review web-server and Nextcloud logs around the update and any preceding restart or crash.
Removal path
- Open the same app entry in the administrator Apps list.
- Choose the control to remove the app, not merely disable it.
- Confirm that the package and its web-accessible files are gone, then decide whether to configure a different supported Collabora deployment.
How to check for a possible backdoor
Apply the update or remove the app first, then handle the host as a potential security incident if logs or files suggest exploitation. Patching stops the known attack path; it does not undo commands that may already have run.
Preserve evidence
- Save relevant web-server, Nextcloud, container and system logs before routine rotation.
- Record timestamps for restarts, upgrades, crashes and requests to
/apps/richdocumentscode/proxy.php. - Keep a copy of suspicious files and their metadata for analysis rather than deleting them immediately.
Indicators reported publicly
The Hacker News reported accounts from three administrators describing web-shell activity. The first logged attack in that reporting was dated September 10, 2026. Reported indicators included files matching shx*.php under apps/richdocumentscode/, requests to /apps/richdocumentscode/proxy.php?status, encoded traversal or shell-expansion strings such as %2e%2e, $( and ${IFS}, and attempts involving sudo.
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These are investigation leads, not proof of compromise. Search local access logs, application directories and process or scheduled-task records, and correlate timestamps before drawing conclusions. No validated total of compromised Nextcloud servers has been published.
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If evidence is found
- Isolate the affected server as your operations require, while preserving logs and volatile evidence that your incident responders consider necessary.
- Inspect web-accessible application directories for unexpected PHP files, modified package files and persistence mechanisms.
- Rotate passwords, API keys, database credentials, signing keys and other secrets that the web-server account could read.
- Review neighboring systems and accounts for reuse or lateral activity.
- Rebuild the host when compromise cannot be confidently excluded; an in-place cleanup may leave hidden persistence.
The available vendor guidance establishes patching and investigation priorities, but it does not define a universal forensic playbook. Organizations with sensitive data or regulated workloads should involve qualified incident-response personnel.
Quick Recap
What administrators should remember
- The target is the optional Nextcloud built-in CODE app, package
richdocumentscode. - The vulnerable range is every release below 26.4.303.
- The attack is unauthenticated and can execute commands as the web-server user when the local CODE process is down.
- Upgrade to 26.4.303 or later, or remove the app; disabling alone is not remediation.
- Standalone Collabora Online deployments are not affected by this particular flaw.
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