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Outbyte PC Repair FREERepair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsFix Now →Outbyte Driver Updater FREEFix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesFind Drivers →A general protection fault is the x86 processor exception #GP, exception vector 13. It means a processor protection check failed; it does not, on its own, identify a particular program, driver, or hardware component as the cause.
What does a general protection fault mean?
Intel’s architecture manual lists vector 13 as “General Protection,” abbreviated #GP, and classifies it as a fault for which the processor saves an error code. Its concise description covers “any memory reference and other protection checks,” so the term is broader than a single kind of invalid memory access. Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer’s Manual
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In plain language, the processor detected that an operation violated an architectural protection rule. The exception tells you what category of processor event occurred, not why it occurred or which component is responsible.
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The processor raises #GP; the operating system handles the exception and may report an error, stop a program, or take another action. The message a person sees is an operating-system response, not necessarily the processor’s literal description. Its wording and behavior depend on the operating system and version.
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Microsoft’s archived guidance describes general-protection errors in Windows 95 and Windows 98, and separately discusses Windows 3.x. Those articles explain historical Windows behavior; they should not be treated as current Windows troubleshooting instructions. In its Windows 95/98 article, Microsoft says, “All protection violations that do not cause another exception cause a general protection exception.” Microsoft Knowledge Base article 82710 Microsoft Knowledge Base article 95505
Does a general protection fault identify the cause?
No. #GP describes the protection exception, not the underlying defect. Historical Windows troubleshooting discusses applications, Windows components, and device drivers as possible participants, but the term alone cannot tell you which one is involved in a particular incident.
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To investigate a specific error, the useful evidence depends on the system and incident: the exact message, operating-system version, what was running, and any available diagnostic information. Do not infer a hardware failure—or blame an application—from the phrase “general protection fault” alone.
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Is a general protection fault the same as an access violation or any crash?
No. #GP is one defined x86 processor exception class, while other exceptions represent different events. An operating system may present processor events through its own error messages, so a user-facing report should not automatically be read as the processor’s exact exception name. A crash is an outcome, not a synonym for #GP.
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