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Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesFind Drivers →Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsFix Now →Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteDriver Scan →To run Forgejo Actions with Docker-in-Docker, install Forgejo Runner separately from Forgejo, register it for the repositories it should serve, and connect its job container to a Docker daemon. Forgejo hosts repositories and workflow definitions; the runner fetches and executes jobs. The official Docker Compose example uses a separate docker:dind service, but its unauthenticated daemon and the code workflows can run make this a security decision—not just a networking setting.
How Forgejo Actions and the runner fit together
Forgejo Actions provides the workflow system, but Forgejo does not execute the jobs itself. A separately installed Forgejo Runner polls Forgejo for work and runs the jobs it receives. Administrators can install multiple runners to distribute jobs; each needs a suitable execution environment and access to the Forgejo instance.
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The Compose design documented by Forgejo uses two services: a runner container and a separate Docker-in-Docker daemon. The runner connects to that daemon using DOCKER_HOST. This lets jobs use Docker through the daemon, but it also means workflows can exercise capabilities exposed through that connection.
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Set up the Docker Compose pattern
Forgejo’s official Docker installation guide demonstrates this arrangement with the runner OCI image tagged 13. Treat that as the guide’s example, not a guarantee that the tag is appropriate for every Forgejo deployment: check compatibility and current documentation for the versions you plan to run.
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- Prepare the runner configuration. The guide shows generating the default YAML configuration from the runner image. Review and configure it for your deployment rather than assuming generated defaults are production-ready.
- Register the runner before starting the services. Complete registration and configuration first; the guide notes that the Docker-in-Docker daemon will not start successfully until this is done.
- Run the services on a controlled Compose network. The example includes a
docker:dindservice that runsdockerdon TCP port2375without TLS, and sets the runner’sDOCKER_HOSTtotcp://docker-in-docker:2375. It also uses persistent runner data and runs the runner as a non-root UID/GID. - Check access before enabling workflows. Confirm which containers can reach the daemon and which repositories can send jobs to the runner. The example is a working pattern, not a hardened deployment recipe.
In this configuration, port 2375 is reachable over the Compose network without TLS. Keep that network private and tightly controlled: anyone who can reach the daemon may be able to control resources on it. Do not expose the daemon to an untrusted network or treat the runner container’s non-root user as sufficient isolation from job code.
Register the runner at the right scope
Registration determines which repositories are eligible to supply jobs. Forgejo’s runner registration guide describes interactive UI registration as the recommended method, as well as HTTP API and offline registration. Registration uses a UUID and token; protect the token as a credential.
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| Registration scope | Who can use the runner | Practical implication |
|---|---|---|
| Instance | Repositories across the Forgejo instance | Broadest access; workflows from any eligible repository may run on this runner. |
| Organization | Repositories in the selected organization | Useful when an organization shares runner capacity and workflow trust. |
| User | Repositories belonging to the selected user | Limits eligibility to that user’s repositories. |
| Repository | One repository | Narrowest scope; suitable when the runner should serve only a specific project. |
Choose the narrowest scope that meets the operational need. A broad scope increases the set of workflow authors whose code can reach the runner’s configured capabilities. The registration guide also describes ephemeral registration for on-demand runner instances, which can reduce exposure associated with a long-lived worker.
Choose a label that matches the workflow
A runner label has a name, an execution type, and a default image. Workflows select runners using runs-on; the requested label needs to match a label the runner provides. Forgejo’s runner configuration guide documents Docker/Podman, LXC, and host execution types.
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- Docker or Podman: The label selects a default job image. Use an image that contains the tools the workflow and its actions require.
- LXC: An alternative containerization type. Forgejo’s security discussion describes LXC as providing stronger isolation in the comparison it makes, but that does not make untrusted code inherently safe.
- Host: Jobs execute on the host environment rather than in the Docker job-container model. This can expose host-installed tools and resources, so assess the host boundary carefully.
For reproducible jobs, pin the image to a version or digest instead of relying on a moving tag. Forgejo cautions that starting a container does not automatically update an image already downloaded. Plan how images are refreshed, and account for their source and trustworthiness.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Decide whether Docker access is appropriate
Forgejo’s administrator guide states: “Forgejo Runner performs remote code execution.” A workflow is code, and anyone able to alter a workflow the runner executes may be able to use the capabilities available to that job. Giving jobs access to a Docker daemon can allow them to inspect or modify containers and other resources managed by that daemon.
Forgejo’s Actions administrator guide and documentation on utilizing Docker within Actions distinguish Docker-in-Docker from socket or automount-style access and discuss the isolation trade-offs. Neither a separate daemon nor a container boundary should be treated as a blanket guarantee against malicious workflows. The right design depends on what the jobs must do and which contributors and repositories you trust.
- Review who can edit workflows and trigger jobs, including changes proposed by outside contributors.
- Limit runner registration scope to the repositories that need it.
- Control daemon reachability and consider what the daemon can access or mutate.
- Review workflow secrets, outbound network access, and the sources of job images and actions.
- Consider ephemeral workers for workloads that do not need a persistent runner.
- Choose Docker, LXC, or host execution based on required capabilities and the isolation boundary you can maintain.
For private projects with trusted workflow authors, the Compose pattern can be a practical way to provide Docker-capable jobs. For untrusted code, first design the runner, daemon, network, secrets, and worker lifecycle around that threat model; the example alone does not establish a safe configuration.
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