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Fix Playwright Login Screenshots When an Indian Website Sends an OTP

Save Playwright's authenticated state after OTP login, restore it for screenshot tests, and check session expiry, sessionStorage, and page assertions when the login screen persists.
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Complete the OTP login once in an authorized Playwright setup flow, save the authenticated browser state only after the site has reached a confirmed signed-in page, and load that state in screenshot tests. If the restored browser still shows the OTP or login screen, check whether the saved state is stale or the site relies on sessionStorage, which ordinary Playwright storage-state reuse does not persist across page loads.

Why the screenshot shows the login or OTP page

An OTP prompt usually means the browser has not completed the site’s authentication flow, or the test did not retain or restore the session created after authentication. A screenshot by itself cannot distinguish those cases. The website and OTP channel are unspecified, so there is no basis to attribute the problem to a particular Indian provider, SMS delay, CAPTCHA, or regional restriction.

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Use a dedicated test account and an approved login path. If the site requires a human to enter an OTP, make that a controlled setup step rather than trying to bypass the site’s access controls.

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Save Playwright login after OTP

  1. In a setup project or controlled setup flow, open the site and complete login using the authorized test account, including the OTP.
  2. Wait for a site-specific sign of completed authentication: for example, a dashboard heading, account control, or the final signed-in URL. Choose a condition that could not also appear on the login page.
  3. Save the authenticated state to a protected project auth directory, such as playwright/.auth/user.json. Add that directory to .gitignore; the state can contain cookies and headers that allow another person to impersonate the account.
  4. Configure screenshot tests to load that state. Refresh it through the approved setup flow when the session expires.

Playwright’s authentication guide documents a setup project that creates a state file and test projects that consume it, as well as waiting for a URL or visible authenticated element before saving. See Playwright authentication.

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Choose the right authentication setup

UI login in a setup project

Use this when the test needs to exercise the actual login flow, including OTP, or when the application does not provide an appropriate test authentication API. Complete the OTP once during setup, confirm the signed-in page, then reuse the resulting state in tests.

API-based authentication

If the application provides an approved authentication API suitable for tests, it may be possible to establish the session without driving the login UI. This is not appropriate where the OTP step itself is what the test must verify. Follow the application’s supported test-authentication method and confirm that the resulting state works in a browser context.

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Shared state or per-worker accounts

A shared saved state is convenient when tests are read-only or safely independent. If parallel tests change shared server-side data, workers can interfere with one another; Playwright’s guide describes using a separate authenticated account per worker for that pattern.

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What storage state restores—and the sessionStorage exception

Playwright’s documented storage state covers cookies and local storage, and current documentation also describes IndexedDB and passkeys. See the authentication guide and the BrowserContext storageState API. If a restored context remains signed out despite apparently valid state, determine which storage mechanism the application actually uses.

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Session storage is a common exception to ordinary storage-state reuse: it is scoped to a domain and is not persisted across page loads in the same way. If the site depends on it, follow Playwright’s separate guidance for saving and restoring session storage rather than assuming a normal storage-state file contains it. See Playwright’s session storage guidance.

Assert the signed-in page before taking a screenshot

Do not use a fixed delay as the only signal that login succeeded. Wait for a meaningful, site-specific condition first, then capture. For a stable visual comparison with Playwright Test, use a screenshot assertion: Playwright waits for two consecutive screenshots to match before comparing. These screenshot assertions are for the Playwright test runner. See Playwright visual comparisons.

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The exact locator depends on the website. For example, a test might wait for a dashboard heading or account menu, but the selector must match the actual page and should not match content visible while logged out. After the condition succeeds, capture the intended authenticated route or component.

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Troubleshoot a screenshot that still shows OTP or login

  • The setup never completed login: Confirm that the OTP step was actually completed and that the setup flow reached the expected signed-in URL or UI before saving state.
  • The state was saved too early: Save only after the site’s authenticated condition appears. A URL transition alone may be insufficient if the page is still loading or showing an intermediate screen.
  • The session expired: Stored authentication can expire. Rerun the authorized setup flow and replace the state file.
  • The state file was not loaded: Check the test project’s configuration and the path passed for the state file; confirm the test is using the intended browser context.
  • The application uses sessionStorage: Ordinary storageState reuse may not include it. Use the documented separate save-and-restore approach where appropriate.
  • The wrong condition is being awaited: Replace a generic wait or fixed delay with a locator or URL that proves the intended signed-in page is present.
  • Parallel tests disrupt one another: If workers mutate shared server-side data, use isolated accounts and state per worker rather than one shared account.
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Or skip the browser setup

If you only need a screenshot of a public page, ScreenshotNeo can return an image or PDF from one GET request. It is not a way to complete an authenticated OTP flow or capture private account pages.

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cURL example, documented at ScreenshotNeo documentation:

curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://stripe.com -o shot.webp

Python:

import requests
r = requests.get("https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot", params={"access_key": "YOUR_API_KEY", "url": "https://stripe.com"}, timeout=90)
open("shot.webp", "wb").write(r.content)

Node.js:

const q = new URLSearchParams({ access_key: 'YOUR_API_KEY', url: 'https://stripe.com' });
const res = await fetch(`https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot?${q}`);

ScreenshotNeo removes cookie banners, newsletter popups, and chat widgets before capture; bot checks, blank pages, and failed loads are never billed. Its MCP server lets AI agents take screenshots, and the free plan includes 1,000 screenshots a month with no card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000. Learn more at ScreenshotNeo.

Sign up free for 1,000 screenshots a month, with no card required.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Does Playwright automatically enter an OTP?

No. This workflow completes the OTP through an authorized setup process, then reuses the authenticated browser state.

Can ScreenshotNeo capture an OTP-protected account page?

The ScreenshotNeo example here is for public pages; it does not complete an authenticated OTP login.

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