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Possibly—but the available evidence does not establish how much carbon kauri dieback has caused forests to lose. Kauri ecosystems can hold substantial carbon, and infection can kill trees and alter forest processes. Small studies have reported changes in litter, vegetation and soil measurements, but they do not provide a reliable forest-wide estimate or prove that infection caused the observed soil differences.
Why kauri dieback could matter for forest carbon
Kauri dieback is caused by the soil-borne pathogen Phytophthora agathidicida (PA). It infects kauri through their roots, disrupting the movement of water and nutrients; affected trees can eventually die. The Department of Conservation (DOC) says there is no known cure and advises preventing soil movement around tree roots (DOC kauri disease guidance).
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The carbon stakes arise from kauri’s role in long-lived forests, not from a measured tally of carbon already lost to the disease. A 2020 review reports that kauri has the fastest carbon sequestration rates to wood of any native New Zealand conifer, citing Kimberley et al. (2014). The same review describes kauri ecosystems as capable of accumulating very large carbon pools over time, citing Silvester and Orchard (1999). Those statements describe the tree and ecosystem; they are not estimates of dieback-driven losses (Bradshaw et al., 2020, review in Plant Pathology).
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Litter and vegetation around affected trees
A University of Auckland study record reports differences in litter quantity and composition, including decreased reproductive litter, and changes in regenerative vegetation around kauri in different infection categories. It found no difference in soil CO2 efflux between the categories compared. These are observations of particular ecosystem processes, not a measurement of total forest carbon stocks (University of Auckland study record, 2014).
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Soil carbon and nitrogen
A review of kauri dieback knowledge from 2009–2020 describes a small study in which carbon and nitrogen measures beneath infected trees were lower and correlated with higher pathogen DNA concentration. A correlation does not establish that PA caused those differences: site conditions and other factors could also matter. The review calls for larger comparative studies (Tiakina Kauri, Kauri dieback building knowledge: Review 2009–2020).
The missing forest-wide estimate
The cited sources do not establish a national trend, a robust forest-wide carbon loss caused by PA, or the direction and size of any overall change in carbon stocks. Tree-level soil measurements, litter observations and short-term soil CO2 efflux are different measures; none alone tells us how much carbon a whole forest stores over time. A 2018 science plan identifies ecosystem impacts as an area requiring further research (Kauri Dieback Strategic Science Advisory Group, Kauri dieback science plan).
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How to read new carbon claims about kauri forests
A strong estimate of disease-related carbon loss would need to distinguish infected from less-infected stands while accounting for differences among sites. It would also need to measure the relevant carbon pools—such as tree biomass, litter and soil—and track changes over time. The evidence summarized here does not show that those comparisons have been completed comprehensively.
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1Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems2Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches3Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errors- Association is not causation: a soil measurement correlated with pathogen DNA does not by itself prove the pathogen caused the difference.
- A process measurement is not a stock estimate: soil CO2 efflux or litter quantity cannot be substituted for the total carbon held across a stand.
- A local finding is not a national result: observations at particular sites cannot establish the scale of change across all kauri forests.
What visitors can do to reduce the risk of spreading PA
PA can move in soil carried on footwear, clothing and other gear, vehicles, and animals. DOC advises visitors to use wash stations where available, clean gear, follow signs and stay on tracks. Cleaning reduces the chance of moving soil but should not be treated as a guarantee that footwear or equipment is pathogen-free (DOC kauri disease guidance; DOC, “Kauri: New Zealand native plants”).
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- Before and during a visit, check signs and current instructions for the specific reserve or track; conditions and requirements can vary by location.
- Use available wash stations and remove soil from footwear and gear as directed.
- Stay on marked tracks and avoid disturbing soil around kauri roots.
How New Zealand’s national plan fits in
The National PA Pest Management Plan took effect on 2 August 2022. The Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) says it introduced ten rules for people visiting kauri areas, cultivating kauri or having kauri on their land. The plan is a national management framework, but visitors should consult MPI’s current guidance and local signs for the rules that apply to a particular place rather than rely on a fixed checklist (MPI, “Kauri dieback”; page last reviewed 29 July 2026).
Surveillance results also need to be read geographically. On 4 June 2026, DOC reported that its survey found no PA in Kaimai Mamaku and established baseline information on kauri health there. That finding applies to the surveyed area and does not show that other kauri forests are free of the pathogen (DOC, “Kaimai Mamaku free of kauri dieback,” 4 June 2026).
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