In Newark, targeted LED streetlight replacements were followed by an estimated 46% drop in nighttime outdoor violent crime during the first two quarters. The effect then disappeared: the study found no significant reduction in violent or property crime in its analysis extending up to two years. The result is promising but temporary, and it does not show that brighter lighting will reduce crime everywhere.
What the Newark study found
The peer-reviewed study “Evaluating the Effect of Enhanced LED Street Lighting on Nighttime Crime in Newark, New Jersey”, published in the Journal of Quantitative Criminology on 24 September 2026, evaluated a municipal replacement program carried out from 2019 to 2021. Researchers combined utility installation data with police incident records from 2018 to 2023.
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The main finding was a short-term change in nighttime outdoor violent crime near replaced fixtures: an approximately 46% reduction in the first two post-replacement quarters, driven mainly by aggravated assaults and robberies. The effect disappeared after those two quarters. In the longer-term analysis, the researchers found no significant reduction in violent or property crime up to two years after replacement.
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The paper reports 1,419 fixtures replaced in its methods. A Rutgers University–Newark summary instead describes more than 1,500 LED fixtures installed citywide; those are source-specific counts with different descriptions, not interchangeable figures. The Rutgers summary also quotes study author Alejandro Giménez-Santana: “The effect was not permanent,’’ and “Lighting alone is not the solution.” (Rutgers University–Newark, 28 September 2026.)
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How strong is the evidence?
The Newark researchers used a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences design, applying the Gardner estimator to compare locations near replaced poles with locations whose fixtures had not yet been replaced. They also examined nearby catchment areas for possible spillovers or displacement. This design offers a stronger basis for estimating change than a simple before-and-after comparison, but it is not a randomized trial.
The result applies to Newark’s targeted locations, its particular replacement program, and the study’s observation period. It does not establish that increasing brightness across a city—or replacing any streetlight with an LED—will reliably reduce violent crime. The study’s analysis found no displacement into the catchment areas it examined; that is a finding about this study, not a guarantee that crime cannot move elsewhere.
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What a separate Philadelphia study adds
A 2026 study of Philadelphia’s initial LED rollout reported a 15% decline in outdoor nighttime street crime and a 21% decline in outdoor nighttime gun violence during the first ten months, from August 2023 through May 2024. These estimates come from a separate city, intervention, analysis, and follow-up period, so they should not be combined with Newark’s results or read as evidence that the effect persists long term. The published study is in Criminology & Public Policy.
The Philadelphia Energy Authority says the broader city project had installed 130,000 LEDs by the end of 2025 and included networked controls and community input on lighting conditions. Those project details describe the rollout; they are not independent confirmation of its crime effects. (Philadelphia Energy Authority.)
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Crime rates, perceived safety, and street use are different outcomes
People may feel safer under brighter lighting even when recorded crime does not change. A 2021 survey experiment found that brighter ambient street lighting increased perceived safety. Poor lighting did not change respondents’ stated willingness to spend time outdoors or engage in risk-mitigating behavior. These are survey responses about perception and intentions, not measured crime rates.
A Hull relighting project report described improved confidence and more street use, particularly among women and older residents. But it covered five streets and could not establish an unequivocal crime-reduction benefit. Those community experiences add context; they do not substitute for crime analyses.
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What the findings mean for lighting policy
The studies suggest that lighting can be one part of a local safety strategy, but the Newark evidence gives no basis for treating it as a lasting, stand-alone crime-control measure. A useful evaluation should distinguish the types of crime and locations studied, the comparison areas used, and how long outcomes were tracked. It should also assess residents’ experiences separately from police-recorded incidents.
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