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A digital blanking interval is the part of a video signal’s timing sequence outside the active picture-data region. It separates active image regions and helps preserve synchronization. Horizontal blanking occurs between active lines; vertical blanking occurs around a field or frame transition. The precise boundaries depend on the video interface and format.
What happens during a blanking interval?
During the active video region, pixel data represents the picture. In AMD’s AXI4-Stream Video IP and System Design Guide UG934 (version 1.0, released November 16, 2022), the active area is identified as the interval when both HBlank and VBlank are inactive; pixel data is considered valid there.
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Blanking is therefore not simply an arbitrary stretch of empty time. Timing information, including synchronization, occupies portions of it. Digital systems may represent the boundaries with timing signals, data-valid indicators, or format-specific sample ranges.
What is horizontal blanking?
Horizontal blanking is the timing interval between the active portions of successive lines. In traditional scanning terminology, it allowed the scan to return from the right edge of one line to the left edge of the next. That description is useful historical context, but a digital interface can express the interval through timing and data-valid signals without requiring a physical display retrace.
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Its duration and boundaries are format-dependent. For example, ARIB STD-B32 Part 1, Version 3.9-E1 (2017), specifies 10.70 microseconds of horizontal blanking for its listed 525/59.94/2:1 timing case. That figure applies to that specified case, not to digital video generally.
What is vertical blanking?
Vertical blanking is the timing around a field or frame transition, outside the active lines of the picture. Traditional descriptions refer to the time for scanning to return from the bottom of the image to the top. Digital timing documentation commonly breaks vertical timing into a sync pulse, a front porch, and a back porch; AMD’s HDMI 2.1 Transmitter Subsystem Product Guide PG350, version 1.2 English, released July 8, 2026, describes these elements as making up what is commonly called the vertical blanking interval.
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Some broadcast systems can use vertical blanking-related services to carry data. ANSI/SCTE 21 (2017, reaffirmed 2022) addresses carriage of VBI services in MPEG-2 bitstreams. This is a capability of particular systems and services, not evidence that every digital blanking interval carries ancillary data.
Are blanking intervals the same in every video format?
No. Timing boundaries, sync placement and polarity, active dimensions, and total timing or pixel-clock requirements vary by interface and format. A format-specific example from SMPTE 244M-2003 gives digital horizontal blanking as samples 768 through 909 inclusive, outside digital vertical blanking, for the cited digital composite format. Those sample positions are not a universal range.
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When examining a particular mode, use its applicable timing specification rather than assuming a duration or sample range from another format. AMD’s HDMI guide and ARIB’s timing example illustrate why a blanking interval should be read in its format context.
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- DTS Virtual-X Sound - An immersive sound format creates a three-dimensional sound experience with your TV’s speakers.
- Supports HDMI ARC - Sends audio directly from the HDMI jack to a compatible soundbar or AV receiver, removing the need for an extra cable.
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