Diameter Gy is the logical 3GPP reference point that lets an LTE network’s Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF) request online credit control from an Online Charging System (OCS). The PCEF reports chargeable service-data-flow usage and applies the OCS’s authorization and granted units; the exchange uses Diameter Credit-Control-Request (CCR) and Credit-Control-Answer (CCA) messages.
Where Gy fits in an LTE network
The PCEF applies policy and charging control to service data flows. In LTE architecture, it is associated with the packet gateway (P-GW). Gy connects the PCEF’s charging function logically to the OCS, which handles online charging and credit control. 3GPP TS 23.203, Release 16, describes Gy as residing between the OCS and PCEF and allowing online credit control for service-data-flow-based charging.
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“Logical” matters: the reference point describes functions and their interaction, not a required physical connection or a specific equipment layout. TS 32.240, Release 17, cautions that its architecture figure does not establish how interfaces and charging functions must be physically implemented. A deployment may combine functions or arrange network components differently while preserving the specified behavior.
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What happens in a Gy credit-control exchange
- The PCEF identifies chargeable traffic. It applies the operator’s policy and charging rules to service data flows and accounts for the usage that needs online authorization.
- The charging client sends a CCR. The request can seek authorization or units, report charging information, or do both, depending on the charging procedure. Diameter provides the request-and-answer framework; 3GPP charging specifications define how charging information is used.
- The OCS evaluates the request and returns a CCA. The answer communicates the credit-control decision and, when applicable, granted service units or charging controls. The PCEF uses that response to decide how the service may proceed.
- The PCEF reports usage and requests further authorization when required. For session charging with reservation, update exchanges can report consumed units and seek additional authorization while the session continues.
- The session or event is completed. A termination exchange can report final usage and close a session credit-control exchange. For event charging with reservation, the reservation is committed after successful delivery; immediate event charging handles credit control for an event.
CCR and CCA messages carry Diameter Attribute-Value Pairs (AVPs). Depending on the procedure, charging information can include identities, session state, requested or granted units, usage, and charging context. The precise AVP requirements and conditions depend on the applicable release and procedure; consult the relevant version of 3GPP TS 32.299 rather than assuming every deployment uses an identical message.
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Three charging modes used with Gy
3GPP charging procedures describe session charging with unit reservation (SCUR), event charging with unit reservation (ECUR), and immediate event charging (IEC). They differ in whether credit control concerns a continuing session or an event, and in how reservation and delivery relate. Selection depends on the service and operator policy; no mode is universally preferred.
| Mode | Charging shape | Reservation and delivery | CCR pattern |
|---|---|---|---|
| SCUR | Session-based | Units are reserved for use during the session; usage is reported as the session proceeds. | Initial, update, and termination interrogations are used as applicable. |
| ECUR | Event-based | Units are reserved before service; the reservation is committed following successful delivery. | Event charging requests follow the applicable procedure. |
| IEC | Event-based | Credit control is driven by the charging event; it is not the reserve-before-delivery-and-commit-after-success sequence described for ECUR. | An event request drives credit control for the event. |
The exact request details, granted amounts, validity controls, and treatment of unsuccessful or interrupted delivery are governed by the relevant charging procedure and network configuration. They should not be inferred from the mode names alone.
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Gy versus Gz, and how Gy relates to Ro
| Reference point | Charging function | Practical distinction |
|---|---|---|
| Gy | Online, service-data-flow-based charging between the PCEF and OCS. | The OCS’s credit-control decision can affect service in real time, for example by authorizing or limiting use according to the granted units. |
| Gz | Offline transport of service-data-flow charging information from the PCEF to an offline charging system. | It carries charging information for offline processing rather than providing Gy-style online credit control. |
In the broader 3GPP charging architecture, Gy is functionally equivalent to Ro for online charging. That architectural relationship does not make the labels interchangeable in every specification or deployment: Gy identifies the packet-domain charging reference point associated with the PCEF.
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- 3GPP TS 23.203: PCC architecture and Gy’s placement and role.
- 3GPP TS 32.251: charging procedures for the packet-switched domain.
- 3GPP TS 32.299: Diameter charging applications, messages, and AVPs.
- 3GPP TS 32.240: charging architecture and reference-point relationships, including Gy and Ro.
- 3GPP TS 32.296: OCS applications and interfaces.
These specifications are maintained under change control, so implementation details should be checked against the release applicable to the network. ETSI’s listing for TS 23.203 showed version V19.2.0, Release 19, dated January 2026; that version signal does not establish that every related specification has the same latest release. Operator policy and vendor implementation also determine details such as quota sizes, timers, and failure handling.
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