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World desk4 min

Data Protection and the Security Gap: What Business Leaders Need to Know

Closing the data-security gap means finding and classifying sensitive data, governing access, and auditing use—while keeping legitimate work practical.

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Organizations can have data-security controls and still struggle to use data safely. The gap often comes from data spread across silos, clouds, tools, and applications: teams may not know where sensitive information resides, who can reach it, or whether access is appropriate. Closing that gap means making protection and legitimate access work together through discovery, classification, governed access, and review of data use—not assuming one platform can solve the whole problem.

Why data protection and data access can conflict

Data is useful when the right people can use it for legitimate work. But broad or poorly understood access can expose sensitive information to misuse or compromise. At the other extreme, fragmented controls and restrictive defaults can make approved data use difficult. The aim is not simply to open access or lock everything down: it is to make access intentional, bounded, and reviewable.

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In a 2023 opinion article, Mark Semenenko, then identified as Director of Solutions Architecture at Immuta, describes the challenge of securing data distributed across complex infrastructure while enabling its use. That is an author’s analysis and recommendation, not independent evidence that any particular product or platform will close the gap. Read the 2023 article in BusinessCloud.

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What creates the security gap?

Silos and sprawling infrastructure

Sensitive information may be divided among systems, locations, cloud environments, and applications. Each additional place to store or use data can complicate finding it and applying consistent controls. Teams may then default to restrictive sharing because they cannot confidently determine what is safe to make available.

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Cloud copies and “shadow data”

Data can be copied or stored outside the inventory teams expect to manage. These less-visible datasets create discovery and classification blind spots: a policy cannot reliably protect information that the organization has not located or identified.

Changing requirements and threats

Organizations need policies that reflect the privacy and compliance requirements applicable to their circumstances, and they need to review how data is used. Requirements vary by jurisdiction and context; the general principles here are not legal advice. The 2023 article also points to changing threats, including insider and supply-chain risks. Its historical statistics should be read as reports about that period, not as current threat measurements.

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What the 2023 European survey figures do—and do not—show

Immuta’s 13 September 2023 release reported findings from an IDC InfoBrief sponsored by Immuta, drawing on 108 European organizations. The figures below describe that survey period and population; they are not measurements of conditions in 2026 or of all organizations worldwide. The release is the source for these reported findings, rather than an independent validation of the survey instrument or methodology. See Immuta’s September 2023 release.

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Reported finding Scope and time context
29% said they could not fully use data within their organization because of data-security challenges. European organizations; IDC 2023 findings as reported by Immuta in September 2023.
42% were confident or highly confident in their ability to discover and classify known and unknown sensitive data in public cloud. European businesses; IDC 2023 findings as reported by Immuta in September 2023.
45% planned to prioritize spending on data security, risk, and compliance in 2023. European organizations; a reported plan for 2023, not evidence of later spending.
58% reported an increase in cyberattacks in the preceding 12 months; the corresponding reported figures were 49% in DACH and 47% in the Nordics. UK organizations, DACH, and Nordic organizations respectively; IDC 2023 findings as reported by Immuta.
49% of security respondents planned to expand or upgrade data-access controls in the following 12 months; 32% of European organizations intended to increase spending on data discovery and classification. Plans reported in the 2023 findings; these are intentions, not verified later purchases or outcomes.

Build the foundations before choosing tools

Find and classify sensitive data

Start by identifying where relevant data lives, including copies in cloud environments and locations outside expected inventories. Classification gives teams a shared way to distinguish sensitive information and apply appropriate handling rules. Ask whether discovery reaches both known and previously unknown data across the environments the organization actually uses.

Govern who can access data, and why

Access should be tied to approved people, purposes, and data. Review whether policies can be applied consistently and whether teams can understand who has access and the reason for it. A control that is difficult to implement or maintain may frustrate legitimate work without reliably reducing risk.

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Audit data use

Teams need a way to review access and understand how controls are applied. Auditing helps identify unexpected use and supports accountability. Consider whether the relevant security, data, and compliance teams can interpret and act on the records the approach produces.

Questions to use when evaluating a platform or approach

A coordinated data-security platform may be one part of a broader program. The 2023 article advocates a unified approach across hybrid and multicloud environments, but it does not establish that one platform is sufficient or compare vendors. Use the following questions to test fit rather than treating a feature list as proof of effectiveness:

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  • Access control: Can policies limit access to approved users, purposes, and data, and be applied consistently?
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  • Operational fit: Can security, data, and compliance teams implement and maintain controls without making legitimate work impractical?

These are evaluation criteria drawn from the problem and functions described in the sources, not a scored comparison of products. Vendor descriptions of their capabilities should be treated as claims to verify against the organization’s requirements. Immuta’s current website, for example, describes its own product positioning and capabilities.

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Keep platform controls within a breach-response program

Data discovery and access governance address important prevention and oversight needs, but they do not replace the ability to detect, respond to, and recover from an incident. NIST Special Publication 1800-29, published in February 2024, provides guidance and example technologies for responding to data-confidentiality attacks. It is a useful complement when assessing the operational side of protecting data. Read NIST SP 1800-29.

Quick Recap

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