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Yes—in one reported enzyme–ligand system. A 2009 study found that the active site of PhzA/B, an enzyme from Burkholderia cepacia, can accommodate both enantiomers of a racemic ligand at the same time. It is an unusual structural observation, not evidence that enzymes generally bind both mirror-image forms together.
What does it mean to bind both sides of the mirror?
Enantiomers are forms of a chiral molecule that are mirror images of each other, much like a left and right hand. A racemic mixture contains both forms. In the reported case, the two enantiomers were not merely alternatives that could each bind separately: the finding was that both could occupy the active site of the same homodimeric enzyme simultaneously.
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That distinction matters. A mixture might show one enantiomer binding while the other does not, or either enantiomer might bind individually under different circumstances. The unusual result described here is co-binding: both forms present together in the active site.
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Matthias Mentel, Wulf Blankenfeldt, and Rolf Breinbauer reported the finding in “The Active Site of an Enzyme Can Host Both Enantiomers of a Racemic Ligand Simultaneously,” published in Angewandte Chemie International Edition in 2009. The enzyme, PhzA/B, is associated with phenazine biosynthesis and came from B. cepacia. PubMed’s indexed record supplies the publication metadata; an accessible account of the result appeared in Chemistry World.
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The report describes the two enantiomers arranging differently when present together. The accessible account also raises the possibility that their combined binding could have cooperative effects. That possibility should not be mistaken for a general rule about enzymes or a demonstrated clinical effect. The available descriptions do not establish the ligand’s identity, crystallographic resolution, occupancy values, or full experimental protocol, so those details should not be inferred from the headline result.
Why can this matter in screening?
Racemic mixtures may be used in early-stage screening. If both enantiomers can bind together, interpreting the mixture as though one form were active and the other simply inert may miss relevant behavior. Binding data could reflect the presence and arrangement of both forms, rather than the effect of either one considered alone.
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Dafydd Owen of Pfizer Research Chemistry suggested that features from the two structures might inspire a hybrid in fragment-based discovery. That was a design possibility raised in the news account, not a report that a hybrid drug candidate was made, validated, or shown to work.
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What the finding does—and does not—show
- It shows: a reported example of simultaneous binding by both enantiomers in the active site of PhzA/B from B. cepacia.
- It does not show: that both enantiomers always bind equally, that this behavior is common to enzymes, or that the observation establishes a therapeutic outcome.
- Practical implication: researchers interpreting racemic-mixture binding data may need to consider co-binding as well as binding by either enantiomer alone.
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