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To make a Web Audio tone sequence cancellable, schedule each note with a new OscillatorNode and shorten its pending playback with a later stop() call. If notes use gain envelopes, cancel their future automation separately. The CSS symptom in the title has a similarly direct fix: visibility: hidden hides an element but preserves its layout space; use display: none when that space should disappear.
Schedule each note on the audio clock
Web Audio source times use the AudioContext timeline, not JavaScript timer delays. Read audioContext.currentTime and add offsets to it to establish when notes should start and end. An OscillatorNode produces a periodic waveform; its frequency is an AudioParam, and its documented defaults are a sine wave at 440 Hz. MDN’s OscillatorNode reference describes the node and its parameters.
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A source node’s start() is a one-time lifecycle operation. Create a fresh oscillator for each one-shot note rather than trying to restart an oscillator that has stopped. MDN’s Web Audio API guide demonstrates creating oscillators and scheduling their starts and stops.
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For each note, create an oscillator and a gain node. Connect the oscillator to the gain node, then connect the gain node to the destination. Schedule the gain envelope on the audio timeline, then call start(noteStart) and stop(noteEnd) on the oscillator. The gain node controls amplitude; it does not determine whether the oscillator itself is still running.
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const now = audioContext.currentTime;
const voices = [];
function scheduleNote(frequency, startOffset, duration, peak = 0.15) {
const start = now + startOffset;
const end = start + duration;
const oscillator = audioContext.createOscillator();
const gain = audioContext.createGain();
oscillator.frequency.setValueAtTime(frequency, start);
gain.gain.setValueAtTime(0, start);
gain.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime(peak, start + 0.01);
gain.gain.setValueAtTime(peak, Math.max(start + 0.01, end - 0.03));
gain.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime(0, end);
oscillator.connect(gain);
gain.connect(audioContext.destination);
oscillator.start(start);
oscillator.stop(end);
const voice = { oscillator, gain, start, end };
voices.push(voice);
oscillator.addEventListener("ended", () => {
const index = voices.indexOf(voice);
if (index !== -1) voices.splice(index, 1);
});
return voice;
}The envelope above is illustrative; choose its shape and levels for the sound you need. MDN’s advanced Web Audio techniques example likewise cancels scheduled gain events before setting an envelope, and schedules oscillator start and stop times.
Cancel playback and automation as separate actions
To cut off a sequence, call stop(cutoffTime) on every voice that has not already ended. If that oscillator already has a later stop time pending, the new earlier time replaces it. MDN states: “Each time you call stop() on the same node, the specified time replaces any previously-scheduled stop time that hasn’t occurred yet.” See MDN’s AudioScheduledSourceNode stop() reference.
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That call ends the source signal. It does not cancel automation on the gain parameter. If an envelope has events scheduled after the cutoff, cancel those future events too; otherwise they remain scheduled on their own timeline. AudioParam.cancelScheduledValues() cancels scheduled changes at or after the supplied time. AudioParam.cancelAndHoldAtTime() cancels future changes and holds the parameter’s value at the specified time. MDN marks the latter as having limited availability, so check support in the browsers you target before depending on it.
Cancellation pattern
function cancelSequence(cutoffTime) {
for (const voice of voices) {
if (voice.end <= cutoffTime) continue;
voice.oscillator.stop(cutoffTime);
voice.gain.gain.cancelScheduledValues(cutoffTime);
voice.gain.gain.setValueAtTime(0, cutoffTime);
}
}This pattern assumes the intended result is silence at the cutoff. If you want to preserve the gain value reached at that instant instead, use cancelAndHoldAtTime(cutoffTime) where supported. The key distinction is that source stopping controls playback, while AudioParam cancellation controls future parameter changes; use both when the sequence includes an envelope.
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Why hidden content can leave a blank space
If content vanishes but its former area remains, inspect the computed styles on the element and its ancestors. visibility: hidden suppresses drawing but leaves the element in layout. Set display: none when it should no longer occupy layout space. MDN documents these differences in its visibility and display references.
visibility is inherited, but a descendant can explicitly set visibility: visible. That can make a child visible even when an ancestor is hidden, so inspect the full element tree when the result looks inconsistent.
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Choose a hiding method by its effects
| Method | Layout space | Focus and pointer behavior | Assistive technology |
|---|---|---|---|
visibility: hidden |
Normally retained | Hidden content is not ordinarily interactive while hidden | Hidden content is removed from the accessibility tree in the usual hidden state |
display: none |
Removed, including descendants | Hidden content is not ordinarily interactive while hidden | Hidden content is removed from the accessibility tree in the usual hidden state |
opacity: 0 |
Retained | Can remain focusable and receive pointer events | Not established as hidden from the accessibility tree by opacity alone |
MDN’s opacity reference explains that zero opacity makes an element transparent rather than removing it. An invisible control may still receive keyboard focus or pointer input, so do not use opacity alone to hide an interactive element unless its interaction and focus behavior are intentional. Choose among these methods according to whether layout space should remain and whether assistive technology should encounter the content.
Quick Recap
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- Find your signature sound: Air mode lifts vocals and guitars to the front of the mix, adding musical presence and rich harmonic drive to your recordings
- With Scarlett 4th Gen, you have all you need to record, mix and master your music: Includes industry-leading recording software and a full collection of record-making plugins
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