To diagnose a Paging 3 failure, identify the load type—REFRESH, APPEND, or PREPEND—and whether it belongs to the PagingSource or RemoteMediator. Then return the error result from that component and show the matching load state in the UI. A single generic “paging failed” status can hide which operation needs attention.
Start with the failing operation and component
Paging failures are scoped. A refresh error is not the same as an append error, and an error from a local data source is not the same as one from a remote mediator. In Views, inspect the relevant entries in CombinedLoadStates; it exposes the distinct source and mediator signals as well as load types. The official Paging load-state documentation describes how to observe and use them.
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REFRESH: the initial load or a refresh operation failed. Decide whether the screen should show a full-page error, a refresh affordance, or cached content with a synchronization error.APPEND: loading the next page failed. Put recovery feedback near the end of the list, rather than presenting it as if the whole screen failed.PREPEND: loading items before the current range failed. Present recovery feedback where it relates to that earlier-page operation.
These are diagnostic categories, not diagnoses of a particular symptom. A spinner that never ends or repeated page requests, for example, needs investigation of the state and paging flow that produced it.
Return the error from the component that owns the request
Direct network loading with PagingSource
When a PagingSource performs the request itself, catch expected request failures and return LoadResult.Error from load. Android’s PagingSource documentation gives network examples including IOException and non-success HTTP responses represented by HttpException.
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Returning the error result lets Paging expose the failure through load state, where the UI can offer appropriate feedback and retry behavior. Do not silently convert a failed request into an empty page: that makes a request failure look like successful exhaustion of data.
Network plus local database with RemoteMediator
In a network-and-database design, RemoteMediator fetches remote data and writes it to the local store; the UI reads pages from the database-backed PagingSource. If the network request fails, return MediatorResult.Error from RemoteMediator.load. On success, write the fetched data and let the local paging source reflect the updated database. Room can invalidate its PagingSource automatically when the underlying data changes. See Android’s network and database paging guide.
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This separation matters when local rows are already available: a remote synchronization failure need not mean the screen has no content. Treat mediator state as the status of remote work and source state as the status of local paging, rather than collapsing them into one signal.
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Views: observe adapter load state
With PagingDataAdapter, observe loadStateFlow or register a load-state listener. Use the specific load type and, when applicable, the source or mediator state to decide where to show progress, an error, or a retry action. Android documents both approaches in its load-state guide.
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Compose: distinguish source from mediator
In Compose, inspect source and mediator load states independently when the design needs to distinguish local data access from network synchronization. This is especially useful when cached rows should remain visible while a remote refresh is in progress or has failed. Follow the official load-state guidance for the Compose APIs and state handling.
Place the recovery affordance beside the operation it can retry. A refresh failure generally calls for screen-level or refresh feedback; an append or prepend failure belongs with the relevant edge of the list. The correct presentation depends on whether usable content is already available.
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Investigate repeated, skipped, or stalled pages
When page requests repeat or the list skips or stalls, inspect remote-key selection and the backend’s pagination contract. Remote keys tell a mediator which page to fetch, so the correct key strategy depends on how that service represents page boundaries.
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Failure matrix
| Observed operation or layer | Inspect | Expected handling |
|---|---|---|
Direct network load in PagingSource |
Exception handling and the return path from load |
Return LoadResult.Error for a failed request; documented examples include IO and HTTP exceptions. |
| Refresh | The refresh state and whether the failure is from source or mediator | Show refresh-appropriate feedback; preserve the distinction between local paging and remote synchronization when relevant. |
| Append or prepend | The matching load-type state | Show recovery feedback for that operation, not as a refresh error. |
Remote request through RemoteMediator |
Request result, mediator return value, database write, and source update | Return MediatorResult.Error on failure. On success, write the data so the local source can reflect it. |
| Repeated or incorrect next-page request | Remote-key persistence, selection, and refresh ordering | Check for stale keys and queued-load races; choose a remedy that fits the backend’s paging contract. |
| Paging 2 migration | Replaced data source, pager, adapter, and boundary-callback APIs | Map components to Paging 3 equivalents and review custom error handling; migration alone does not establish that an app-specific failure is fixed. |
| Regression coverage | Source and mediator results plus database effects | Assert error results at each boundary and cover database side effects in integration tests. |
Migrate Paging 2 error handling deliberately
Paging 3 changes the component APIs, so old failure wiring should not be assumed to transfer unchanged. Map the old data-source flow to PagingSource and Pager, use PagingDataAdapter for the adapter path, and use RemoteMediator where the design needs remote loading alongside local storage. Revisit custom error handling and load-state presentation as part of that change. The official migration guide explains the API mapping.
Test each failure boundary
Test the behavior where each component owns it: verify that a failing PagingSource load returns LoadResult.Error, and that a failing mediator load returns MediatorResult.Error. For a network-and-database flow, add integration coverage for writes and their effects on the data exposed to paging. Android’s Paging testing guide describes testing sources, mediators, and the surrounding flow.
Use the current documentation for version-specific details
The Android Developers overview search result surfaced Paging version 3.4.2 in 2026. This article does not claim a version-specific fix; verify the current version and release details in the official Paging overview before applying version-specific guidance. The failure-handling principles above describe the documented component and load-state behavior.
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