A Kooboo benchmark reported 5,000 separately editable site instances on a 2-vCPU, 4-GB Tencent Cloud Lighthouse server, while a separate test measured a warm server render of a dynamic page showing ten blog items. These are two different results: the capacity test measured public-Internet HTTPS requests, and the sub-1-ms figure measured only server-side rendering—not the time a visitor’s browser takes to load a page.
What the two benchmarks actually tested
Kooboo’s 2026 capacity report and rendering report address different questions. The first tested whether one Kooboo process could serve many separately managed sites under a specified request workload. The second measured the server-render portion of a dynamic page request under a low-concurrency, warmed-up workload. Their results should not be combined into a single promise about site capacity and visitor-perceived speed.
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For the capacity test, the team imported the same controlled site package 5,000 times, giving each instance a distinct site name and hostname. Each instance had its own editable content and identity, but all ran within one Kooboo process. “Independent” here means separate Kooboo site records—not separate virtual machines or operating-system processes. The package included ten AI-generated blog articles, a dynamic home-page blog query, layouts and views, routes, and article detail pages. The test requested each site’s root page. Kooboo’s capacity report describes the setup and measurements.
The target was a Tencent Cloud Lighthouse instance in Virginia with 2 vCPUs, 4 GB of memory, Ubuntu 24.04.4 LTS, and a shared 200-Mbps network plan. A separate Alibaba Cloud load generator in Silicon Valley sent HTTPS requests across the public Internet. The run began September 5, 2026, at 12:15:51 UTC. Its configured goal was 150 request starts per second for ten minutes.
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The rendering test: a warm page with ten blog items
The separate rendering benchmark sent 200,000 verified requests across the 5,000 sites in two runs, using one and then two closed-loop workers. Each request dynamically queried and displayed ten blog items. The page cache and full-page output cache were disabled, while the reusable Header View retained Kooboo’s cache-by-purpose feature. Each site received a warm-up request before the measured runs. The Kooboo rendering report documents these conditions.
Each worker waited for a full response before starting its next request. This makes the test useful for examining latency under low concurrency, but it is not a maximum-throughput or saturation test. The transport used one HTTPS host with changing Host headers, rather than creating DNS and connection activity for 5,000 separate domains.
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Capacity results: many sites, but not 90,000 successful requests
Kooboo planned 90,000 HTTPS requests and verified 89,969 successful responses. That is a 99.97% first-attempt success rate, with 31 connection timeouts, zero HTTP errors, and zero content mismatches. The report attributes the failures to ten-second connection-establishment timeouts that received no HTTP response; it does not assign them to either cloud provider.
- Measured request starts: 146.59 per second against a configured target of 150.
- Complete-content latency: p50 of 296.73 ms, p95 of 1,431.27 ms, and p99 of 3,393.82 ms.
- CPU: average use was 45.6% of the total two-vCPU capacity; sampled peak use was 81.5%.
- Memory: sampled peak resident memory was approximately 2.50 GiB.
These are network-inclusive measurements. They include request scheduling, DNS, connection establishment, TLS, routing, application work, and response transfer. The response body was downloaded and checked for the expected numbered site marker, so a successful HTTP status from the wrong site would not count as correct.
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What “under 1 ms” measures—and what it does not
Across the two rendering runs, 198,002 of 200,000 verified warm server renders—99.001%—completed below 1 ms. Another 196,609, or 98.3045%, completed below 0.5 ms. The combined server-render percentiles were p50 0.306 ms, p95 0.443 ms, and p99 0.991 ms.
The two-worker run had a p99 render time of 1.347 ms, despite a p50 of 0.302 ms and p95 of 0.441 ms. That difference matters: the combined result does not mean every request, or even the slowest requests in each run, finished rendering under 1 ms.
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The server-side timer stopped before response writing. It excluded DNS, TCP, TLS, Internet routing, compression, and client download, so it is not a browser page-load time. In the same separate rendering benchmark, complete-content latency—including the public-network measurement boundary—was p50 15.949 ms and p95 90.317 ms. Those values describe that test setup, not a general visitor experience.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Why the result is workload-specific
The 5,000 sites came from one shared package, and the capacity run requested only the root page. That controlled setup helps isolate routing and site selection, but it does not establish that the same server can host any arbitrary collection of 5,000 production websites. Larger databases, commerce workloads, API services, write-heavy traffic, and different content mixes could behave differently.
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The rendering benchmark also has a defined boundary: warmed sites, a specific dynamic query, no page or full-page output cache, a cached reusable Header View, and only one or two closed-loop workers. It does not establish cold-start performance, behavior at higher concurrency, or maximum throughput. Results on another server, plan, provider, or software build may differ.
For anyone comparing this with another benchmark, the useful points to match are workload and content size, tenant count and mix, request rate and concurrency, warm versus cold execution, cache behavior, network boundary, latency percentile, sample size, and the definition of “render time.” The reports do not provide a comparison against another framework or an independent reproduction.
Kooboo’s explanation of its architecture
Kooboo CEO and benchmark author Guoqi Zheng describes the product as combining its web server, database engine, and render engine in one system. He says Kooboo prepares a page plan before a request arrives, then executes that prepared sequence with changing data. The implementation account also describes keeping much of the output in byte arrays and writing UTF-8 toward the response to limit repeated string allocation and conversion.
These are the vendor’s explanations of design intent, not independently demonstrated causes of the benchmark result or proof of superiority over other frameworks. Zheng summarizes the goal this way: “The goal was to remove unnecessary work from the hot path.”
Quick Recap
How to interpret the headline
- The capacity result is evidence that this specific Kooboo setup served 5,000 separately managed instances under a controlled public-Internet request test, with 31 connection timeouts among 90,000 planned requests.
- The sub-1-ms result applies to warm server rendering of a page dynamically querying ten blog items; it does not describe a complete browser load.
- Both sets of figures were reported by Kooboo in 2026 for the described setup. They should be treated as vendor-reported benchmark results, not as a guarantee for other workloads or infrastructure.
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