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One free scan finds every outdated or missing driver and matches the right update for your exact hardware.Free scan · exact hardware matchThe Magento encryption key is the secret value that Adobe Commerce and Magento Open Source use to protect passwords and other sensitive data. It is stored as crypt.key in app/etc/env.php, created or supplied during installation, and required whenever Magento must decrypt protected values. Treat it like a production credential: keep it out of source control, restrict access, preserve it through backups and migrations, and record any replacement key securely.
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On current releases, including 2.4.8 and later, rotate the key from the command line with bin/magento encryption:key:change. A safe rotation is a maintenance operation: pause traffic-producing jobs, change the key, flush caches, re-encrypt documented data, and expect customers and administrators to sign in again.
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What the Magento encryption key does
Adobe describes the key as a protection mechanism for passwords and other sensitive values in both Adobe Commerce and Magento Open Source. Magento uses it for values that must later be decrypted, such as credentials or payment-related configuration stored by the application. It also uses one-way hashing for values that only need to be compared and never recovered in plaintext.
Encryption and hashing are different operations
For data that requires decryption, Adobe documents the industry-standard ChaCha20-Poly1305 algorithm with a 256-bit key. A 256-bit key is the cryptographic secret represented by the crypt.key setting; it is not a customer password and should not be shortened, reformatted, or replaced with a memorable phrase.
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For data that does not need to be decrypted, Adobe documents SHA-256 hashing instead. A hash is designed for verification rather than recovery, so changing the encryption key does not turn a hashed value back into its original text. The distinction matters when planning a migration: encrypted fields may need re-encryption, while one-way hashed values follow their own application logic.
When the key is created
The installer creates the key during Magento installation. Depending on the installation path, Commerce can generate a key or accept one supplied by the installer. The resulting configuration is represented in app/etc/env.php by a crypt section containing a key value:
'crypt' => [
'key' => 'your-secret-value'
],The example shows the structure only; never copy the example text into a live store. The key must remain the exact secret used to protect the existing data.
Where Magento stores the key
On a standard installation, the operational location is:
<Magento application root>/app/etc/env.phpWithin that PHP configuration file, the relevant setting is crypt.key. The file also commonly contains other environment-specific credentials and service settings, so protecting the entire file is safer than trying to expose only one line.
Keep it out of source control
Adobe’s sensitive-settings guidance explicitly says not to include env.php in source control. A public repository, a shared code archive, a build artifact, or an unrestricted deployment log can turn the key into a permanent incident. Add the file to the repository’s ignore rules, check that it is not already tracked, and prevent CI systems from printing its contents when assembling configuration.
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Control filesystem and operational access
- Allow only the Magento application, deployment identity, and specifically authorized operators to read the file.
- Do not paste the key into tickets, chat messages, shell history, screenshots, or issue comments.
- Store protected backups and deployment copies in a controlled secret-management process with access logging and role-based permissions.
- When restoring or migrating a store, make sure the original key is available before attempting to read encrypted data.
- Keep a secure record of any newly generated key after rotation; losing it can prevent recovery of data encrypted under that key.
These controls are operational consequences of the key’s purpose: Magento cannot decrypt protected values without the matching secret.
Which key-management method your release supports
The user interface has changed across Magento releases. Adobe says the Admin encryption-key feature was deprecated and removed in 2.4.8. Use the CLI workflow on 2.4.8 and later, and verify the command exists before scheduling a change.
| Release situation | Supported management path | Operational implication |
|---|---|---|
| Magento 2.4.8 and later | bin/magento encryption:key:change |
The Admin rotation screen is removed; perform the change during a controlled maintenance window. |
| Older releases where the Admin feature is present | Follow the release’s documented procedure, preferably validating it in a staging copy first. | The Admin feature was deprecated, so plan a CLI-based process before upgrading to 2.4.8 or newer. |
Do not assume that a menu visible on an older installation exists after an upgrade. The command-line check in the next section gives a definitive answer for the code currently deployed.
Before rotating the key
Rotation changes the secret used to protect data. Treat it as a coordinated deployment rather than an isolated configuration edit.
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Pre-rotation checklist
- Confirm the exact Magento release and whether the deployment is Adobe Commerce Cloud or self-managed/on-premises.
- Confirm that
app/etc/env.phpis writable by the account that will run the Magento command. - Take a verified backup through your normal recovery process, including the database and the protected configuration file.
- Identify every custom module or column that stores encrypted data; the built-in re-encryptors cover only the documented default scopes.
- Arrange a maintenance window and notify support staff that active shoppers and administrators will be asked to authenticate again.
- Ensure an authorized operator can securely record and retrieve the new key.
- On Cloud, have access to the Cloud tooling needed to disable cron and flush cache. On-premises, have access to the crontab or scheduler that launches Magento cron.
Do not start a rotation while deployment automation, imports, payment jobs, or other writers can change encrypted values. Pausing those processes prevents concurrent work from using different key states.
Rotate the key from the command line
Adobe’s current sequence is deliberately ordered. Follow it on the production environment, adjusting only the Cloud-versus-on-premises commands.
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- Confirm writability. Check that the deployed
app/etc/env.phpcan be updated by the account running Magento. Resolve ownership or permission problems before continuing. - Enable maintenance mode. From the Magento application root, run:
bin/magento maintenance:enableConfirm that the storefront and administrative entry points present the expected maintenance response.
- Stop cron. On Adobe Commerce Cloud, run:
./vendor/bin/ece-tools cron:disableOn an on-premises installation, pause the crontab or scheduler that invokes Magento cron. Do not merely stop one worker if another scheduler can still launch jobs.
- Confirm the command is available. Run:
bin/magento list | grep encryption:key:changeIf no matching command appears, stop and identify the release or deployment issue instead of editing
env.phpby hand. - Change the key. Run:
bin/magento encryption:key:changeWait for the command to finish and verify that it reports no errors. Preserve the newly generated or supplied key in your controlled secret record.
- Flush cache. On Cloud, use the Cloud cache-clear operation:
magento-cloud ccOn-premises, run:
bin/magento cache:flushFlushing removes cached configuration and application data that could otherwise reflect the pre-rotation state.
- Re-enable cron. Restore the Cloud scheduler or resume the on-premises crontab after the key change and cache flush have completed.
- Disable maintenance mode. Run:
bin/magento maintenance:disableThen perform a controlled storefront and Admin smoke test, including a login and a transaction path appropriate to your environment.
Keep the maintenance window open long enough to complete any required data re-encryption and validation. The key change itself is not a substitute for re-encrypting every custom field that your modules maintain.
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Adobe states that rotation immediately invalidates all customer and administrator sessions, except integration users. Customers and administrators therefore have to log in again after the change. This is expected behavior, not evidence that the rotation failed.
Plan the user impact explicitly:
- Display a maintenance notice that explains a sign-in will be required after service returns.
- Tell customer-support and operations teams to expect a wave of authentication requests.
- Ask administrators to close stale browser tabs and authenticate again after the maintenance page is removed.
- Review integration accounts separately, because Adobe’s stated session invalidation exception applies to integration users.
Do not promise that carts, checkout state, or third-party browser sessions will behave exactly as before. The documented guarantee is session invalidation and renewed login for customers and administrators; other application state depends on the relevant module and storage design.
Re-encrypt data after the change
Changing the key does not mean every stored ciphertext has already been rewritten under the new key. Adobe documents a separate re-encryption command with two default re-encryptors:
bin/magento encryption:data:re-encrypt core_config_data sales_order_paymentThe names identify the documented scopes:
| Re-encryptor | Data scope | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
core_config_data |
Encrypted core configuration values | Allows protected configuration to be read with the new key. |
sales_order_payment |
Encrypted sales-order payment data covered by the built-in handler | Updates documented payment-related ciphertext for the replacement key. |
Run the command from the Magento application root after the key change, following the maintenance and scheduling controls required by your deployment. Validate that it completes without errors before declaring the operation finished.
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Custom encrypted columns
Modules can store encrypted values in columns that are not covered by those two default re-encryptors. Adobe’s re-encryption guidance describes defining a custom re-encryptor based on its SimpleHandler pattern. The module owner must identify the column, the serialization or encoding format, and the code path that reads and writes the value before implementing that handler.
Do not copy the default command and assume it covers a custom table. Make an inventory of module-owned encrypted fields, add the appropriate custom configuration, and test the handler against a database copy before production. A field that remains encrypted with the old key can produce decryption failures even though the main rotation command succeeded.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Troubleshoot common rotation problems
env.php is not writable
Stop before enabling a production change that cannot finish. Correct the deployment’s file ownership or permissions using your normal release procedure, then re-check writability. Avoid making the file broadly writable as a shortcut; the goal is controlled write access for the deployment or Magento command account.
The key-change command is missing
Run bin/magento list | grep encryption:key:change and confirm the command is being executed from the correct Magento root and release. A missing command usually means the deployed version does not provide the current CLI workflow or the application is not using the code you expected. Do not edit crypt.key manually on a live store to imitate the command.
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Maintenance mode alone does not stop cron. On Cloud, verify that ./vendor/bin/ece-tools cron:disable was applied; on-premises, pause every crontab or scheduler entry that can invoke Magento. If imports, queues, or payment jobs continue, stop and assess the database before retrying the rotation sequence.
Customers report forced logouts
That is the documented result of a successful rotation for customer and administrator sessions. Confirm that the maintenance window has ended and direct users to sign in again. Integration users are the stated exception.
Decryption errors appear after rotation
First verify that the new key was recorded securely and that the same env.php is present on every application node. Then confirm that the documented re-encryption command completed and investigate custom encrypted columns that require a SimpleHandler-based re-encryptor. If the store was restored or migrated, check that the key belonging to the data backup was not replaced by a different environment’s key.
Cached configuration behaves inconsistently
Complete the appropriate cache flush after changing the key: magento-cloud cc on Cloud or bin/magento cache:flush on-premises. In a multi-node deployment, ensure the updated configuration and cache state are available consistently before reopening traffic.
Managing the key over the store’s lifetime
Key management is a lifecycle responsibility, not a one-time installation task.
Backups and disaster recovery
Include the protected configuration and its secret-management record in disaster-recovery procedures, with access limited to authorized recovery personnel. A database backup without the matching key may contain ciphertext that cannot be read; a key without the corresponding data does not restore the store. Test recovery in an isolated environment without exposing the secret in logs.
Deployments and multiple environments
Keep environment secrets separate and make the source of each key explicit. Never commit a production key to a shared repository for convenience, and do not silently replace a restored environment’s key while its database still contains values encrypted under the original. Deployment automation should inject or provision env.php through a controlled secret process rather than generating a new key on every release.
Deciding when to rotate
Rotation is appropriate when the key may have been exposed, when a controlled security program requires replacement, or when recovery and ownership procedures call for a new secret. Because rotation invalidates user sessions and can require custom data work, schedule it with the same discipline as a schema or credential change. Record the date, operator, release, backup reference, re-encryption scope, and validation results without recording the secret itself in ordinary operational notes.
Quick Recap
A practical validation checklist
- Configuration: The deployed
app/etc/env.phpcontains the intendedcrypt.key, and the file is not tracked by source control. - Command result:
bin/magento encryption:key:changecompleted without errors. - Cache: The platform-specific cache flush completed.
- Data:
bin/magento encryption:data:re-encrypt core_config_data sales_order_paymentcompleted, and custom encrypted columns have an appropriate handler. - Scheduling: Cron was stopped during the change and restarted afterward.
- Access: A customer and an administrator can authenticate again; support understands the expected session reset.
- Recovery: The new key is stored in the approved secret-management process, and the recovery team knows where to retrieve it.
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