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What Is Crypto Mining Malware? A Clear Definition of Cryptojacking

Crypto mining malware, also called cryptojacking, uses a person’s device or cloud resources to mine cryptocurrency without permission. Here’s how it works and what signs to watch for.
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Crypto mining malware secretly uses another person’s computing resources to mine cryptocurrency without authorization. The activity is commonly called cryptojacking or malicious cryptomining. The key distinction is consent: mining software is not inherently malicious when its use is authorized.

What does crypto mining malware mean?

Malwarebytes defines cryptojacking as a cyberattack in which someone secretly uses a device’s processing power to mine cryptocurrency without permission. Microsoft likewise describes it as unauthorized use of computing power. In practical terms, an attacker makes a computer, phone, server, or cloud workload do mining work for the attacker’s benefit.

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Mining software describes what code does; whether its use is malicious depends on authorization and context. Individuals and organizations can mine legitimately using computing resources they have acquired and are entitled to use. Microsoft’s own classification framework also treats some cryptomining software as potentially unwanted software rather than malware; that is a Microsoft product-policy distinction, not a universal legal definition. Malwarebytes explains cryptojacking, while Microsoft describes malware and legitimate mining.

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How does cryptojacking work?

Malware installed on a device

An attacker may persuade someone to open a malicious email attachment, click a harmful link, or download a compromised program. The resulting software can run a miner on the device, consuming processor or graphics-processing capacity. Malwarebytes and Microsoft identify malicious downloads, email attachments, and compromised or vulnerable websites among possible delivery routes.

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Mining code in a web page

Some attacks run mining code through a browser when a person visits a page. This does not necessarily mean a conventional miner was installed on the device, though browser-based mining code can still use computing resources without permission. Microsoft Security Intelligence documents Trojan:HTML/Brocoiner as an example of browser-based mining malware.

Unauthorized cloud compute

In a cloud attack, criminals may take over an organization’s cloud account or tenant, create virtual machines, install mining software, and connect those machines to mining pools. The victim may face unexpected compute charges, and the compromised account can enable additional malicious activity. Microsoft Threat Intelligence describes these mechanics in its cloud compute resource abuse analysis.

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What are the signs of crypto mining malware?

Cryptojacking can make a device or service work harder than expected. Possible clues include:

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  • Unusually slow performance or high processor use when the device is otherwise idle.
  • Fans running harder or more often, or a device becoming unusually hot.
  • Faster-than-usual battery drain.
  • Unexpected increases in electricity use or cloud compute charges.

These symptoms are clues, not proof. Many ordinary software, hardware, or workload problems can cause heat, slowness, or higher resource use. Investigate patterns and context rather than diagnosing an infection from one symptom alone.

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Can cryptojacking damage a computer or create other costs?

Unauthorized mining consumes computing resources and can affect performance, heat, and battery life. In a cloud environment, the financial exposure can include charges for compute resources created by an attacker. The impact depends on what was compromised, how long the mining runs, and which resources it uses; a symptom such as a warm laptop by itself does not establish damage or infection.

How can you reduce the risk?

For personal devices

  • Keep the operating system, browser, and security software updated.
  • Avoid suspicious links, attachments, and downloads.
  • Use reputable, current endpoint protection and leave its protections enabled.

For organizations and cloud environments

  • Protect account access and limit permissions to what each user or workload needs.
  • Use endpoint and cloud workload protections appropriate to the environment.
  • Monitor for unexpected virtual-machine provisioning, unusual compute consumption, and quota changes.
  • Investigate unexplained resource use and cloud charges through the organization’s security and cloud teams.

For a campaign reported on May 26, 2026, Microsoft Defender Experts recommended cloud-delivered antivirus protection and applicable attack surface reduction rules. That guidance addresses the observed campaign; no single tool guarantees protection from every cryptojacking technique. Microsoft’s campaign report describes the use of poisoned search results and malicious downloads to deliver GPU mining malware and persistent remote access. It is an example of a reported campaign, not a measure of overall prevalence.

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What should you do if you suspect cryptojacking?

Use trusted security tools to investigate a personal device, or contact your organization’s security team if a work device or cloud account is involved. In cloud environments, review account activity and unexpected resource provisioning with the people responsible for the tenant. Avoid downloading an unknown “miner detector” or deleting system files just because CPU use is high; either step can create new problems without confirming the cause.

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