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Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesFind Drivers →Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsFree Scan →A Class 4 switch is an intermediate telephone-network switch, usually called a tandem switch. It routes calls between telephone offices by connecting network trunks; unlike a local end-office switch, it generally does not connect directly to individual telephones.
What a Class 4 switch does
In the public switched telephone network (PSTN), a Class 4 switch moves traffic from one network office or switch to another. A carrier-agreement template defines a tandem as a switch that “connects one trunk to another, in a series, for the purpose of exchanging traffic” and describes it as an intermediate switch between the call’s origin and destination (carrier-agreement template). Dialogic’s glossary likewise uses tandem switch for the intermediate switching role (Dialogic glossary).
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Here, trunk means a connection between telephone-network switches or offices, rather than a subscriber’s individual phone line. Class 4 describes the switch’s place and function in the call path; it is not a particular model number or a guarantee of one hardware technology.
Where it sits in a call
A simplified call path is:
- Caller’s telephone connects to a local end office, commonly a Class 5 switch.
- If the call needs to travel between network offices, one or more Class 4 tandem switches can route it onward.
- A destination-side end office connects the call to the recipient’s telephone.
Not every call passes through a Class 4 switch. Its intermediate role matters when traffic needs to move between offices; it generally does not connect directly to customers (carrier-agreement template; technical reference).
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Class 4 vs. Class 5 switches
| Feature | Class 4 | Class 5 |
|---|---|---|
| Common name | Tandem switch | End-office switch |
| Network position | Intermediate, between network offices | Local exchange, serving subscriber lines |
| Typical role | Routes traffic between offices by connecting trunks | Provides local switching associated with subscriber lines and telephones |
| Direct connection to individual telephones | Generally no | Associated with serving subscribers |
The distinction is functional: Class 4 is the intermediate tandem role, while Class 5 is associated with the subscriber-serving end office (carrier-agreement template; technical reference). The terms do not, by themselves, specify one physical design for every switch.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Common tandem roles
Access tandem
An access tandem connects local end offices toward interexchange carriers, which provide long-distance service. It may serve traffic near a carrier’s point of presence.
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Local or sector tandem
A local or sector tandem connects end offices to exchange traffic within a local access and transport area.
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