A voice-and-data modem supports telephone-line data communication and voice functionality. Depending on its design, it may handle voice and data at the same time or switch between them. The phrase alone does not tell you which capability a particular modem has.
What is a voice-and-data modem?
A modem converts serial digital data into a signal suitable for transmission over a telephone channel, then converts the received signal back into digital data. That is the general definition used by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); it describes data communication, not speech capability by itself.
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“Voice-and-data modem” adds the idea that the device supports voice functionality as well as data. In a broad use of the phrase, the modem might switch between voice and data. More specifically, it can describe a modem that carries both simultaneously.
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Not necessarily. A modem may support both functions but require a switch from one mode to the other. Simultaneous voice-and-data operation is a distinct capability, illustrated by ITU-T Recommendation V.61.
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V.61, approved on August 16, 1996, specifies a modem for the General Switched Telephone Network and leased point-to-point two-wire telephone circuits. Its voice-plus-data signaling rate is 4,800 bit/s, with optional automatic switching to data-only signaling rates of up to 14,400 bit/s. Those are figures for this historical telephone-network standard, not modern broadband speeds. Read the ITU-T V.61 recommendation.
How are voice calls, data calls, and voice-band data different?
Voice calls and modem data calls
These are distinct call types, not interchangeable descriptions. RFC 2806 defines separate URI schemes for voice, fax, and modem data calls; its modem scheme refers to a terminal able to handle incoming data calls. A device that handles modem data calls should not therefore be assumed to carry human speech. See RFC 2806.
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Voice-band data
Voice-band data is a way to transport modem, fax, or text-telephony signals through a packet network’s voice channel using a suitable codec. It describes a transport method, not a separate category of modem. RFC 4734 discusses transport approaches including modem relay, voice-band data, clear-channel data, T.38 fax, and character-mode text; it distinguishes these payload approaches from signaling events. See RFC 4734.
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What does V.21 have to do with modems?
V.21 is an example of a standardized modem protocol, not a definition of all voice-and-data modems. RFC 4734 gives its maximum rate as 300 bits/s and describes two channels that can support full-duplex data transmission. V.21 is also used to carry control data for other protocols. See RFC 4734.
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What to check when identifying one
The label “voice and data” is not enough to establish whether a modem will work with a particular line or service. Check the device’s documentation for these details:
- Operating mode: Does it support voice and data simultaneously, or switch between voice and data?
- Network and line: Which telephone network or circuit type does it support? V.61, for example, specifies the legacy switched telephone network and leased two-wire circuits.
- Data rate: Which rate is specified for the device’s standard and operating mode? Do not treat a historical telephone-modem rate as a broadband rating.
- Supported functions: Does it handle voice, fax, incoming data calls, or only data? These capabilities are not implied by one another.
The cited standards establish telephone-network capabilities, but do not establish that a V.61 modem will work with current broadband or VoIP services. Compatibility needs to be confirmed for the specific device and service.
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