For most full-height mobile layouts, you can replace JavaScript viewport-height fixes with the CSS unit that matches the behavior you want: use 100svh to fit while browser controls are expanded, 100lvh to fill the largest viewport, or 100dvh to track the changing viewport. The old 100vh corresponds to the large viewport, so it may size a section beyond the space visible while browser controls are open.
Why 100vh can be too tall on mobile
Mobile browsers may show or retract their toolbars as a person scrolls. The viewport with those retractable controls hidden is the large viewport; the smallest viewport accounts for the controls being expanded. The traditional vh unit corresponds to the large viewport, so a section set to height: 100vh can extend behind browser controls when they are visible. MDN’s CSS length reference describes the vh/lvh relationship.
The fix is not to assume that one unit is always correct. Decide whether the layout should fit the smallest available space, fill the largest, or change as the browser interface changes. MDN’s viewport-unit guide defines these options and their tradeoffs.
Choose the viewport unit for the layout
| Unit | With browser controls expanded | During scrolling | When controls retract |
|---|---|---|---|
svh |
Sizes against the small viewport, favoring a fit with controls visible. | Stable as retractable browser UI changes. | May leave unused space because the size does not grow to match the larger viewport. |
lvh or vh |
May extend behind expanded browser controls. | Stable against the large viewport. | Fills the largest viewport. |
dvh |
Tracks the dynamic viewport. | Can resize as browser UI expands or retracts. | Tracks the changing viewport, but that resizing may disrupt the layout. |
Use svh for a stable fit
For a hero or panel that should remain within the space available while browser controls are expanded, use a small-viewport minimum height:
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.hero {
min-height: 100svh;
}min-height lets the section grow if its content needs more room, rather than forcing all content into a fixed-height box.
Use dvh when tracking the current viewport is intentional
If the design should follow the browser’s changing viewport, a dynamic unit expresses that directly:
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.fullscreen-panel {
min-height: 100dvh;
}Because the available height can change while scrolling, the panel may resize on screen. That behavior can be visually disruptive or affect performance in some designs; dynamic sizing is a choice, not a universal replacement for 100vh.
Use lvh when filling the largest viewport is the goal
100lvh makes the large-viewport intent explicit. Choose it when filling the largest available viewport matters more than keeping the entire section visible while browser controls are expanded. The same expanded-controls tradeoff applies to legacy 100vh.
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Set the mobile viewport correctly
A responsive mobile page should generally include a viewport meta tag with width=device-width:
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">Without a device-width viewport setting, some mobile browsers use a wider virtual layout viewport, which changes how the page is laid out. See MDN’s viewport meta documentation.
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When JavaScript viewport measurements are actually needed
CSS viewport units address ordinary full-height layout. They are not the same as measuring the visual viewport for an interaction that depends on the currently visible pixels. The visual viewport can shrink independently of the layout viewport, for example when a dynamic on-screen keyboard appears. In that narrower case, the VisualViewport.height API reports visual viewport height; MDN explains the layout and visual viewport distinction and documents VisualViewport.height.
Check browser support before removing a fallback
For older or otherwise unverified target browsers, keep a deliberate fallback and check the units against your project’s browser-support policy. The references here define the units and their behavior, but do not establish a complete version-by-version support matrix. Avoid treating 100dvh as a blanket fix: whether its dynamic resizing is useful depends on the layout.
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