Do these 3 things before closing this tab:
1Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems2Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches3Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsSLF4J is a useful logging facade for Eclipse plugin development because it lets plugin code depend on a stable API while the actual logging backend can be selected by the runtime, product, or target platform. That separation is especially valuable in OSGi-based applications, where plugins may be reused across different Eclipse RCP products, IDE installations, test harnesses, and headless builds.
Using SLF4J inside an Eclipse plugin is not quite the same as using it in a plain Java application. Dependencies must be declared as bundles, the binding must be visible at runtime, and classloading boundaries can affect whether log events are emitted, ignored, duplicated, or routed to the wrong backend. A working setup usually requires aligning the plugin manifest, target platform, launch configuration, and selected logging implementation.
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This guide covers the practical pieces needed to make SLF4J work reliably in Eclipse plugins: adding the API, choosing a binding, handling OSGi visibility, writing logger code, integrating with the Eclipse Error Log or external appenders, and diagnosing common failures such as missing providers, mulle bindings, and silent logging output.
Why Use SLF4J in Eclipse Plugins
SLF4J gives Eclipse plugin developers a stable logging API that is independent of the final logging backend. Instead of writing directly to a particular implementation such as Logback, Log4j 2, java.util.logging, or the Eclipse platform log, plugin code calls the small SLF4J API. The actual destination and formatting of log events can then be selected by the product, target platform, or consuming application without changing the plugin’s source code.
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This separation is especially useful in Eclipse-based applications because plugins are often reused across different products. A bundle that is installed in the Eclipse IDE may need to write messages to the workspace Error Log, while the same bundle in an RCP application may need rolling files, console output, JSON logs, or integration with a central observability stack. By depending on the SLF4J API rather than a concrete logger, the plugin remains portable across these deployments.
Benefits for plugin and RCP development
- Backend flexibility: the same plugin can run with Logback, Log4j 2, reload4j, JUL bridging, or a custom Eclipse-oriented binding.
- Cleaner plugin code: logging calls stay consistent across bundles, with familiar methods such as
debug,info,warn, anderror. - Parameterized messages: SLF4J supports placeholder-based logging, which avoids unnecessary string concatenation when a log level is disabled.
- Lower coupling: plugin bundles do not need to know whether logs are written to the Eclipse Error Log, the OSGi console, a file, or a remote collector.
- Library compatibility: many third-party Java libraries already use SLF4J, so using it in plugins reduces the number of logging APIs active in the same runtime.
SLF4J is also a good fit for larger Eclipse installations where mulle teams own different bundles. It provides a common vocabulary for logging without forcing every bundle to embed or configure its own logging framework. A core model plugin, a UI plugin, and a background job plugin can all log through the same API, while the application controls categories, levels, appenders, and formatting from one place.
In Eclipse plugins, logging is not only about diagnostics during development. It is often the main way to investigate startup failures, extension loading problems, background job errors, workspace-specific issues, and failures that occur on end-user machines. SLF4J makes these messages structured and easy to route. For example, a plugin can log a failed extension contribution with the symbolic bundle name as the logger category, include the exception as the final argument, and rely on the selected binding to publish that event to the appropriate destination.
The main tradeoff is that SLF4J is only an API. A working runtime still needs exactly one suitable binding or provider visible to the relevant bundles. In an OSGi environment such as Eclipse, that means dependency wiring and class visibility must be handled deliberately. When set up correctly, SLF4J gives Eclipse plugin code a durable logging layer that survives changes in product packaging, runtime configuration, and logging infrastructure.
Adding SLF4J Dependencies to an Eclipse Plugin
In an Eclipse plugin, SLF4J dependencies must be added in a way that matches the Eclipse/OSGi runtime model. Adding a JAR to a Java build path is usually not enough, because PDE, OSGi bundle resolution, product exports, and runtime launch configurations all need to see the same dependencies. A plugin that compiles in the workspace can still fail at runtime with ClassNotFoundException, NoClassDefFoundError, or SLF4J “no providers were found” messages if the dependencies are not declared as bundles.
The preferred setup is to depend on SLF4J as OSGi bundles rather than embedding random JAR files inside each plugin. If your target platform already contains SLF4J, add it through the plugin manifest. For SLF4J 1.7-based environments, this is commonly the org.slf4j.api bundle. For SLF4J 2.x-based environments, the API bundle still provides the org.slf4j packages, but provider discovery differs from the older static binder mechanism. In both cases, your plugin code should depend only on the SLF4J API; the actual backend should be supplied separately by the application, target platform, or product.
Manifest-based dependency
In a PDE plugin project, open META-INF/MANIFEST.MF and add the SLF4J API bundle on the Dependencies tab. The resulting manifest typically uses Require-Bundle or Import-Package. For reusable plugins, Import-Package is often more flexible because it expresses dependency on the org.slf4j package rather than on one specific bundle symbolic name. For tightly controlled RCP products, Require-Bundle can be simpler and easier to manage.
| Approach | Typical use | Tradeoff |
|---|---|---|
Import-Package: org.slf4j |
Reusable plugins and mixed target platforms | More flexible, but requires careful version ranges |
Require-Bundle: org.slf4j.api |
Controlled Eclipse RCP applications | Simpler, but tied to a specific bundle identity |
| Embedded JAR in plugin | Legacy plugins or isolated internal tooling | Easy to duplicate versions and break provider discovery |
A package import might look like Import-Package: org.slf4j;version="[1.7,3)", while a bundle dependency might look like Require-Bundle: org.slf4j.api;bundle-version="[1.7.0,3.0.0)". Choose version ranges that match the target platform you test against. Avoid pinning to an exact micro version unless your product assembly requires strict reproducibility, because exact ranges make upgrades and installations harder.
Target platform and build setup
For workspace launches, make sure the SLF4J API bundle is present in the active target platform and selected in the launch configuration. In Run Configurations, check the Plug-ins tab and validate that the API bundle is included. If you use Tycho or another Maven-based PDE build, add the SLF4J bundle through the target definition, p2 repository, or product definition rather than relying only on a Maven compile dependency. The build should resolve the same OSGi bundles that the runtime will install.
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- For Eclipse marketplace-style plugins: declare the SLF4J API dependency and document any expected logging backend separately.
- For RCP products: include the SLF4J API and exactly one compatible binding or provider in the product definition.
- For test fragments: ensure the test launch includes the same SLF4J bundles as the application launch.
- For embedded libraries: exclude bundled SLF4J copies where possible and let the plugin resolve the shared API bundle.
After changing dependencies, refresh the target platform, update the manifest, and run Validate Plug-ins from the launch configuration. This catches missing bundles before startup. A clean dependency setup keeps plugin code independent from the backend while giving the Eclipse runtime enough information to wire SLF4J classes consistently across bundles.
Choosing and Configuring an SLF4J Binding
SLF4J is only a logging facade; it does not write log records by itself. At runtime, your Eclipse plugin needs exactly one SLF4J binding, also called a provider in SLF4J 2.x, that connects SLF4J calls to a real logging implementation. Common choices include Logback, Log4j 2, and bridges that route SLF4J events into the Eclipse or OSGi logging services. The right binding depends on whether your plugin is a standalone RCP application, an installable plugin for the Eclipse IDE, or part of a controlled product distribution.
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| Binding | Best fit | Configuration file |
|---|---|---|
| Logback | RCP applications and products where you control the runtime | logback.xml |
| Log4j 2 SLF4J binding | Applications already standardized on Log4j 2 appenders and layouts | log4j2.xml |
| OSGi or Eclipse logging bridge | Plugins that should integrate with platform logging instead of shipping a full backend | Bundle or platform-specific configuration |
For an Eclipse IDE plugin distributed to unknown installations, avoid bundling a heavyweight binding unless you own the complete dependency graph. The host Eclipse installation may already contain SLF4J bundles or another plugin may contribute a provider. If your plugin ships a second incompatible binding, users can see messages such as “Class path contains mulle SLF4J bindings” or, with SLF4J 2.x, “Class path contains multiple SLF4J providers.” In the IDE case, a safer pattern is to depend on the SLF4J API only and document the expected runtime provider, or use a platform bridge supplied by the target environment.
For an Eclipse RCP product, you usually control the target platform and can include a single binding explicitly. A typical Logback setup includes the SLF4J API bundle, the Logback core bundle, and the Logback classic bundle. The logback.xml file can be placed on the runtime classpath, often in a configuration bundle or product-level fragment. Keep the file outside individual feature plugins when several plugins share the same logging policy; this prevents each plugin from accidentally carrying separate logger settings.
- Use one provider: include only one runtime binding for the SLF4J API version in your target platform.
- Match major versions: SLF4J 1.7 bindings do not serve SLF4J 2.x APIs, and SLF4J 2.x providers are not drop-in replacements for 1.7-style bindings.
- Place configuration predictably: put
logback.xmlorlog4j2.xmlin a bundle that is started and visible early in the application lifecycle. - Prefer product-level ownership: let the RCP application or target platform decide the backend rather than each plugin adding its own.
When using Log4j 2, include the SLF4J-to-Log4j binding together with the Log4j API and core bundles. Do not combine it with log4j-to-slf4j in the same runtime, because that can create a routing loop: SLF4J sends events to Log4j, while Log4j sends events back to SLF4J. The same care applies to bridge bundles such as jul-to-slf4j or jcl-over-slf4j; install them only when you deliberately want Java Util Logging or Commons Logging messages to flow through the selected SLF4J backend.
In OSGi, configuration discovery can fail even when the right JARs are present. The backend bundle must be resolved, active when needed, and able to see its configuration resources. If logs disappear during early startup, check the OSGi console with commands such as ss and diag to confirm bundle state and missing package imports. Also inspect the runtime launch configuration, product definition, and target platform to ensure the binding bundles are included in the final application, not only available in the workspace.
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In an Eclipse plugin, SLF4J runs inside OSGi, so the usual “put the jar on the classpath” approach is not enough. Each plugin is a bundle with its own classloader, and it can only see packages that are explicitly imported, required, or contained in the bundle itself. If your plugin compiles against org.slf4j.Logger and org.slf4j.LoggerFactory, the runtime bundle must also be able to resolve the SLF4J API package when Eclipse starts.
The most common pattern is to install the SLF4J API as a bundle and declare it in your plugin manifest. In MANIFEST.MF, this usually means adding either a dependency on the SLF4J API bundle or importing the SLF4J packages. Importing packages is often more flexible because it allows OSGi to wire your plugin to any bundle exporting the expected SLF4J API packages.
- Require-Bundle: simple when you control the target platform and know the exact SLF4J API bundle symbolic name.
- Import-Package: more modular and version-tolerant, especially for shared Eclipse platforms and product builds.
- Bundle-ClassPath: useful only when embedding jars inside your own plugin, but it can create duplicate API or binding problems if several bundles do the same thing.
A typical package import for SLF4J should include a version range that matches the API you compiled against. For example, a plugin built against SLF4J 1.7 should not accidentally wire to an incompatible SLF4J 2.x API unless it has been tested with that version. The same applies in the other direction: SLF4J 2.x uses a different provider discovery mechanism than SLF4J 1.7, so mixing a 2.x API with a 1.7-era binding will not work as expected.
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Avoid duplicate SLF4J APIs and bindings
OSGi makes duplicate logging jars especially painful because different bundles may load different copies of the same classes. If one plugin embeds slf4j-api.jar and another plugin imports the API from a target platform bundle, objects and providers may not line up. The safer product-level approach is to provide one SLF4J API bundle and one chosen backend or bridge, then have application plugins depend on the shared API.
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| Problem | Typical cause | Fix |
|---|---|---|
NoClassDefFoundError: org/slf4j/LoggerFactory |
The plugin cannot see the SLF4J API bundle at runtime. | Add an OSGi dependency or package import, and ensure the bundle is in the launch configuration or product. |
| SLF4J reports no provider or no binding | The API is resolved, but no compatible backend is installed. | Add exactly one compatible SLF4J binding or provider to the target platform. |
| Messages disappear in one plugin but not another | Different bundles are wired to different APIs or logging backends. | Inspect bundle wiring and remove embedded duplicate jars. |
When launching from the Eclipse IDE, check the Plug-ins tab of the launch configuration. The SLF4J API bundle, the selected binding, and any backend bundles such as Logback or Log4j integration must be selected and startable. In a packaged RCP product, verify the same set in the product definition, feature contents, and target platform. A setup that works in the workspace can fail after export if the binding bundle was present in the launch configuration but omitted from the product.
For diagnosis, use the OSGi console commands available in Eclipse applications launched with console support. Commands such as ss, bundle, diag, and package wiring inspection can show whether the SLF4J API and backend bundles are installed, resolved, and wired to your plugin. If bundle resolution fails, fix the manifest and target platform first; logger code should remain ordinary Java code once the OSGi wiring is correct.
Writing Logger Code in Plugin Classes
Once the SLF4J API and a suitable binding are visible to the plugin, logger usage inside Eclipse plugin classes is the same pattern used in plain Java applications. Define a logger as a private static final field, scoped to the class that emits the messages. This keeps logger names stable, allows filtering by package or class, and avoids creating logger instances repeatedly.
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
public class IndexBuilder {
private static final Logger logger =
LoggerFactory.getLogger(IndexBuilder.class);
public void rebuildIndex(String projectName) {
logger.info("Rebuilding index for project {}", projectName);
try {
// plugin work here
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
logger.error("Index rebuild failed for project {}", projectName, e);
}
}
}
Use SLF4J parameterized messages rather than string concatenation. A message such as logger.debug("Loaded {} markers from {}", count, resource.getFullPath()) avoids unnecessary string construction when debug logging is disabled. For exceptions, pass the throwable as the final argument so the binding can render the stack trace correctly. Avoid writing logger.error("Failed: " + e), because that usually loses useful exception structure.
Where to place loggers in common plugin classes
- Activator classes: log startup, shutdown, service registration, and configuration loading. Keep messages short because activator failures often occur early in bundle startup.
- Handlers and commands: log command IDs, selected resources, user-triggered operations, and recoverable failures. Do not log sensitive workspace paths unless your product policy allows it.
- Builders, jobs, and background tasks: include project names, job names, scheduling decisions, cancellation events, and elapsed time for expensive operations.
- UI views and editors: log model loading failures, invalid selections, disposed widget access, and unexpected synchronization problems between UI state and workspace state.
Eclipse plugins often run code on different threads, especially when using Job, workspace listeners, UI callbacks, and background indexers. Include enough context in each message to identify the workspace object, project, command, or job involved. If your binding supports MDC, you can add contextual values such as plugin ID, project name, or operation ID around a block of work, then clear them in a finally block. This is most useful when routing logs to files or centralized appenders that include MDC fields in their pattern layout.
try {
MDC.put("project", project.getName());
logger.debug("Starting validation");
validate(project);
} finally {
MDC.remove("project");
}
For plugin code that must also report failures to Eclipse APIs, logging and status reporting should complement each other. Use SLF4J for diagnostic messages and operational traces. Use IStatus, Status, CoreException, or the workbench status handler when the failure must be visible through Eclipse mechanisms such as the Error Log view, progress service, or user-facing dialogs. In many cases, the same exception is both logged through SLF4J and wrapped in a Status with the plugin ID so Eclipse can associate it with the correct bundle.
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Status status = new Status(
IStatus.ERROR,
"com.example.myplugin",
"Could not load workspace model",
exception);
logger.error("Could not load workspace model", exception);
throw new CoreException(status);
Keep log levels consistent. Use trace for very detailed flow, debug for developer diagnostics, info for lifecycle and high-level operations, warn for recoverable abnormal conditions, and error for failures that prevent an operation from completing. In Eclipse plugins, excessive info logging during startup, resource change events, or builds can make product logs noisy, so reserve it for events an administrator or support engineer would genuinely want to see.
Routing Logs to Eclipse Error Log or External Appenders
After an Eclipse plug-in obtains an SLF4J logger, the next decision is where those events should go. In a desktop Eclipse installation, users and support teams usually expect serious failures to appear in the Error Log view, which is backed by the Eclipse runtime log. For server-side RCP deployments, test workbenches, or headless applications, the same events may also need to be written to rolling files, the console, or a centralized logging system. SLF4J can support both patterns, but the routing is controlled by the selected binding and by how it is wired into OSGi.
To send messages to the Eclipse Error Log, the most direct integration point is the Eclipse runtime logging API. In modern Eclipse code, create an org.eclipse.core.runtime.IStatus and pass it to the bundle log obtained from Platform.getLog(Bundle). This can be wrapped behind a small adapter so application code continues to use SLF4J while plug-in boundary code records user-visible failures in the platform log. This pattern works well for exceptions that affect UI commands, builders, editors, launch delegates, preference pages, and background jobs.
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Common routing patterns
- SLF4J for diagnostic logging, Eclipse log for user-visible failures: use SLF4J throughout the codebase, then explicitly log important exceptions to
Platform.getLog(...)when they should appear in the Error Log view. - Logback or Log4j 2 for external appenders: route SLF4J through a binding such as Logback or Log4j 2 and configure file, console, socket, JSON, or rolling appenders.
- Bridge to the Eclipse runtime log: use or implement an appender that converts logging events into Eclipse
IStatusentries, usually mapping error levels toIStatus.ERROR, warnings toIStatus.WARNING, and informational messages toIStatus.INFO. - Keep debug traces separate: use Eclipse tracing options for low-level plug-in diagnostics that are only enabled with
.optionsfiles or launch configuration tracing flags.
External appender configuration depends on the binding. With Logback, place logback.xml where the Logback bundle can find it, or point to it using the logback.configurationFile system property. With Log4j 2, use log4j2.xml or set log4j.configurationFile. In an Eclipse product, these properties are commonly set in the product launcher .ini file, for example with -Dlogback.configurationFile=/path/to/logback.xml. This is often more predictable than relying on classpath resource lookup, because plug-ins are loaded as OSGi bundles rather than as a single flat application classpath.
| Destination | Best suited for | Typical setup |
|---|---|---|
| Eclipse Error Log | User-visible failures, support diagnostics, plug-in exceptions | Platform.getLog(bundle).log(status) or an Eclipse-aware appender |
| Rolling file | Long-running RCP products and detailed field diagnostics | Logback or Log4j 2 file appender configured from launcher properties |
| Console | Development, PDE launches, CI test runs | Console appender in the active SLF4J binding |
| Central logging | Enterprise deployments and managed desktops | Socket, HTTP, syslog, or custom appender from the selected backend |
Be careful not to create duplicate entries. If an exception is logged through SLF4J and then also reported through StatusManager or Platform.getLog, users may see the same failure twice. A practical convention is to log detailed context at the point where the exception is handled, then report only actionable failures to the Eclipse runtime log. For UI plug-ins, StatusManager.getManager().handle(status, StatusManager.LOG | StatusManager.SHOW) can both log the problem and display it when user attention is required.
When routing fails, check the active binding first. SLF4J warnings about missing providers, mulle providers, or ignored bindings usually mean the backend bundles are absent, duplicated, or incompatible with the SLF4J API version. Next, verify bundle visibility: the plug-in that configures appenders must be able to load the backend classes and the appender classes. Finally, test from a clean workspace and a PDE launch with -consoleLog enabled, since early startup logging can occur before workspace metadata and plug-in preferences are fully available.
Troubleshooting Common SLF4J Issues in Eclipse
Most SLF4J problems in Eclipse plugins come from a mismatch between what the plugin can see at runtime and what was available during development. Because Eclipse runs on OSGi, a JAR on the build path is not enough: the SLF4J API package and the selected backend must be provided by bundles that are resolved, started when needed, and visible through Require-Bundle or Import-Package. When logging fails, first check the runtime launch configuration, not only the project properties.
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| Symptom | Likely cause | Fix |
|---|---|---|
ClassNotFoundException: org.slf4j.LoggerFactory |
The SLF4J API bundle is not available to the plugin at runtime. | Add the SLF4J API bundle to the target platform and declare it in MANIFEST.MF using Import-Package: org.slf4j or an appropriate bundle dependency. |
NoClassDefFoundError for a backend class |
The binding or provider is missing from the launched Eclipse application. | Include exactly one runtime backend, such as Logback, Log4j 2 SLF4J provider, or an Eclipse-aware bridge bundle. |
| Messages appear on the console but not in the Eclipse Error Log | The backend is writing to stdout/stderr rather than Eclipse runtime logging. | Use an appender or bridge that sends events to org.eclipse.core.runtime.ILog, or explicitly log severe plugin failures through Eclipse status objects. |
| Duplicate log lines | More than one appender, bridge, or backend path is active. | Remove extra SLF4J bindings, disable additive appenders, and avoid circular bridges such as SLF4J-to-JUL combined with JUL-to-SLF4J. |
For SLF4J 1.7, binding problems often produce messages such as Failed to load class "org.slf4j.impl.StaticLoggerBinder". For SLF4J 2.x, provider discovery uses the service mechanism and errors often mention missing SLF4JServiceProvider implementations. Do not mix the 1.7 API with a 2.x-only provider, or the 2.x API with an old StaticLoggerBinder-based backend. In an Eclipse target platform, verify versions from the Plug-ins view or from the launch configuration’s resolved bundles list.
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OSGi visibility issues can look like ordinary Java classpath failures. If a bundle exports org.slf4j but your plugin still cannot load it, inspect the plugin manifest for version ranges that are too narrow. A dependency such as Import-Package: org.slf4j;version="[1.7.0,1.8.0)" will reject SLF4J 2.x even if that bundle is present. Conversely, a broad range may allow an API version that your selected backend does not support. Keep the API, provider, and bridge versions aligned across the entire product.
Practical checks during debugging
- Open the Eclipse launch configuration and confirm that the SLF4J API bundle and backend bundle are selected.
- Start with a clean workspace and clear the OSGi state using the launch option to clean before launching.
- Check the
.metadata/.logfile for bundle resolution errors that occur before your plugin starts. - Use the OSGi console commands such as
ss,diag <bundle-id>, andheaders <bundle-id>to inspect unresolved dependencies. - Search the target platform for multiple SLF4J bindings or providers and keep only the intended one.
When logging still behaves unpredictably, reduce the setup to one plugin, one SLF4J API bundle, and one backend. Add bridges and appenders back one at a time. This usually exposes hidden conflicts, especially in RCP products where other features contribute their own logging bundles. For plugin code that reports user-visible failures, it is also reasonable to combine SLF4J diagnostic messages with Eclipse IStatus entries so that administrators can inspect failures in the Error Log even when external logging configuration is broken.
Frequently Asked Questions
Should my Eclipse plugin include its own SLF4J binding?
Usually, no. A plugin should depend on the SLF4J API and let the product, target platform, or RCP application provide the binding. Shipping a binding inside each plugin can cause mulle-binding warnings, inconsistent output, or classloading conflicts in OSGi.
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Which SLF4J dependency should I add to an Eclipse plugin?
Add the SLF4J API bundle, typically by including an OSGi-ready SLF4J bundle in the target platform and importing the relevant package or requiring the bundle. Avoid embedding random Maven JARs directly unless they have proper OSGi metadata or are wrapped correctly. For PDE-based plugins, make sure the dependency is visible in the MANIFEST.MF and included in the target definition.
How do I send SLF4J messages to the Eclipse Error Log view?
SLF4J does not automatically write to the Eclipse Error Log unless the selected backend routes messages there. A common approach is to use a custom SLF4J binding or appender that converts log events into Eclipse IStatus entries and sends them to the plugin log through Platform.getLog(…). For serious plugin errors, it is also acceptable to log directly to the Eclipse runtime log where integration with the Error Log view is required.
What causes “Failed to load class org.slf4j.impl.StaticLoggerBinder” in an Eclipse plugin?
This usually means the SLF4J API is available, but no SLF4J binding is visible to the bundle at runtime. Add exactly one compatible binding to the target platform or product configuration, such as Logback, slf4j-simple, or a bridge used by your RCP application. Also check that the binding bundle is started or visible through OSGi dependencies.
Why does logging work in a unit test but fail inside the Eclipse runtime?
Unit tests often run on a flat classpath, while Eclipse plugins run under OSGi with strict bundle visibility rules. A logger backend that is visible in the test JVM may not be available to the plugin bundle in the launched Eclipse application. Check the launch configuration, target platform, MANIFEST.MF imports, and product contents to confirm that both the SLF4J API and the chosen binding are present at runtime.
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Bottom Line
Using SLF4J in Eclipse plugins works well when you treat it as an OSGi-aware logging facade: import the API cleanly, provide exactly one suitable binding, and make sure the binding can see the Eclipse runtime classes it needs. Most failures come from duplicate bindings, missing exported packages, fragment placement issues, or expecting plain Java classpath behavior inside an OSGi application.
For a robust setup, choose one logging strategy for your product, test it in the same runtime shape you ship, and verify startup logs for binding warnings early. If logging disappears or behaves differently in PDE versus the exported product, inspect bundle wiring, start levels, and whether your backend configuration files are actually available to the bundle that owns the binding.
Quick Recap
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