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One free scan finds every outdated or missing driver and matches the right update for your exact hardware.Free scan · exact hardware matchA shipment’s last scan does not necessarily mean the next carrier has accepted it. To model a handover accurately, record the shipment or transport unit’s dispatch, movement, arrival at a transfer point, and acceptance as separate events when those facts are available. Keep the time the event happened distinct from the time your platform recorded it, and do not turn a scan into a custody claim without evidence.
Why a handover may need more than one event
A parcel can move through a transfer without one scan proving every part of the transaction. The first carrier may report shipping; the parcel may later be observed in transit or arrive at an interchange; the next carrier may then acknowledge receipt. These are different business events, potentially reported by different parties. GS1’s EPCIS and CBV guidance describes simple transfers as shipping and receiving events, and more complex transfers as including separate arrival, acceptance, or intermediate observations.
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This distinction matters because a scan establishes only what its evidence supports: for example, that an identifier was observed at a location at a particular time. By itself, it does not necessarily prove that another carrier accepted physical possession, or that ownership changed. A tracking label such as “handover” or “received” should not be treated as having a universal custody meaning; map each partner’s codes to its documented definitions and agreements.
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Represent each update as an observation or business event with enough context to interpret it later. EPCIS provides a common structure for the “what, when, where, why and how” of visibility events, including status, location, movement, and chain-of-custody information. Its event dimensions can distinguish the object involved, the event time, location, business step, disposition, and source or destination context.
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1. Record dispatch or shipping
Capture the outbound event from the first carrier at the origin, with its event time, location, identifier, and business meaning. A shipped or tendered event does not establish that the next carrier has accepted the item unless acceptance is separately observed or the partners have explicitly defined the status that way.
2. Add in-transit observations when available
Intermediate carrier or transport observations can show movement during a long journey. They need not expose every internal movement: record the observations partners actually provide, without implying that the platform has complete visibility.
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3. Distinguish arrival from acceptance
An arrival event can indicate that an item reached a facility or interchange. It does not necessarily mean the next carrier took possession. When available, record an acceptance or receiving event as the next party’s acknowledgment. A complete business transfer may span multiple events and may involve more than one party, as GS1 notes in its EPCIS and CBV Implementation Guideline.
4. Keep event time separate from platform record time
Event time describes when the business event occurred; record time describes when it was entered into the repository. Preserve both when available. A delayed message should not rewrite the physical event’s time, and record time can help identify events newly added to the platform. Preserve the event’s local time-zone offset as well, so systems can interpret the timestamp in the place where it occurred. GS1 explains these time semantics in the implementation guideline.
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Represent the transfer dimensions explicitly
“Who has it?” can mean different things. Physical possession, ownership, and physical location may involve different parties or change at different times. If known, capture the transfer’s source and destination with the relevant dimension—such as possession, ownership, or location—instead of collapsing them into a single carrier field. If a detail is unknown, leave it unresolved rather than inferring it from a facility scan.
For each event, a practical minimum is:
- What: the parcel, case, pallet, shipment, or other transport unit identified by a consistent identifier.
- When: event time and its local time-zone offset; keep platform record time separately when available.
- Where: the known location or read point.
- Why: the business step or meaning, such as shipping, arrival, or receiving.
- Who or which party: the event source and, for a transfer, known source and destination parties and the relevant transfer dimension.
Choose detail according to the evidence and use case
There is no single correct level of granularity for every carrier network. Choose a representation that matches the evidence partners provide and the questions the tracking product must answer.
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| Representation | What it can establish | What it does not establish by itself |
|---|---|---|
| Dispatch or shipping event | The sending party reported an outbound business step. | Acceptance by the receiving carrier. |
| Location scan or in-transit observation | An identifier was observed or a movement status was reported at a known point and time. | A contractual transfer of possession or ownership. |
| Arrival event | The item reached a reported facility or transfer location. | That the next carrier accepted it. |
| Receiving or acceptance event | The receiving party acknowledged the transfer, if the event source and semantics support that interpretation. | Any broader ownership or custody change not represented by the event or partner agreement. |
Compare candidate designs by evidence strength, the custody dimension they represent, event-time and record-time handling, shared identifiers and status semantics, and whether the journey needs endpoint-only or intermediate visibility. EPCIS and the Core Business Vocabulary (CBV) provide a shared structure, not automatic agreement between partners: carriers and platforms still need to align on codes, meanings, identifiers, and which party supplies each event.
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Keep identifiers and standards use consistent
Events can appear disconnected if partners identify different levels of the shipment journey. Decide whether each event concerns a parcel, case, pallet, shipment, or transport unit, and use identifiers consistently across the parties that exchange data. GS1’s logistics interoperability material discusses identifiers such as GLN, GTIN, and SSCC for this purpose: GS1 EPCIS and CBV.
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EPCIS 2.0 adds JSON/JSON-LD syntax and REST APIs for capture and query, and supports sensor data and certification details. Those capabilities can support richer shipment or cold-chain visibility, but the standard does not mean every carrier exposes that data. Use GS1’s current normative artifacts to validate technical conformance; the implementation guideline is useful for the stable concepts of event dimensions and multi-event transfers.
What to tell a customer when tracking pauses
If the last update is a dispatch, facility arrival, or scan rather than a receiving event, state that plainly. For example: “The parcel was last reported at the transfer facility; we have not yet received an acceptance update from the next carrier.” This describes the evidence without asserting that the parcel is lost, that a transfer is complete, or that the next carrier has taken custody. Sparse or delayed updates can reflect what the network has supplied; EPCIS defines how events can be represented, not a promise of real-time scans or a universal interpretation for public status labels.
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