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Selenium में पेज के सबसे नीचे जाकर स्क्रीनशॉट कैसे लें (Python)

Selenium का सामान्य screenshot मौजूदा window कैप्चर करता है, पूरा document नहीं। नीचे वाले viewport और Firefox full-page screenshot के सही Python तरीके जानें।
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Python में Selenium से पेज के सबसे नीचे दिखाई दे रहे हिस्से का स्क्रीनशॉट लेने के लिए पहले JavaScript से viewport को नीचे स्क्रॉल करें, फिर save_screenshot() चलाएँ। इससे केवल मौजूदा browser window का दृश्य सेव होता है—पूरे पेज की एक लंबी इमेज नहीं।

नीचे वाले viewport का स्क्रीनशॉट लें

यह runnable उदाहरण Firefox खोलता है, पेज पर जाता है, दस्तावेज़ के नीचे स्क्रॉल करता है और उस समय window में दिखाई दे रहे हिस्से को bottom.png में सेव करता है:

from selenium import webdriver

with webdriver.Firefox() as driver:
    driver.get("https://example.com")

    # Viewport को दस्तावेज़ के नीचे ले जाएँ।
    driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);")

    # नीचे पहुँचने के बाद दिखाई दे रही window सेव करें।
    driver.save_screenshot("bottom.png")

अपने पेज का URL https://example.com की जगह रखें। Selenium का execute_script() पेज में JavaScript चलाता है; save_screenshot() मौजूदा window का स्क्रीनशॉट फ़ाइल में लिखता है। इसलिए इस क्रम में स्क्रीनशॉट में नीचे का viewport आएगा, पूरा document अपने-आप नहीं।

नीचे का दृश्य और पूरा पेज: सही तरीका चुनें

आपको क्या चाहिए तरीका सीमा
पेज के नीचे जो अभी दिखाई दे रहा है नीचे स्क्रॉल करके save_screenshot() चलाएँ यह current window का दृश्य है, पूरी लंबी पेज-इमेज नहीं।
एक ही इमेज में पूरा document Python Firefox driver का save_full_page_screenshot() इस्तेमाल करें यह Selenium के Firefox Python API का तरीका है; इसे सभी browsers के लिए एक समान API न मानें।

Selenium की सामान्य WebDriver screenshot सुविधा मौजूदा browsing context/window का स्क्रीनशॉट देती है। Firefox Python API में अलग full-document method भी उपलब्ध है। इस्तेमाल से पहले अपने Selenium और browser-driver संस्करण में method की उपलब्धता जाँचें; Firefox full-page API Selenium 4.50.0 के दस्तावेज़ों में दिखाया गया था और API समर्थन संस्करण के साथ बदल सकता है।

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Firefox में एक full-page image सेव करें

अगर लक्ष्य नीचे वाला viewport नहीं, बल्कि पूरा document एक इमेज में पाना है, तो Firefox Python driver का full-page method इस्तेमाल करें:

from selenium import webdriver

with webdriver.Firefox() as driver:
    driver.get("https://example.com")
    driver.save_full_page_screenshot("full-page.png")

यह Firefox-विशिष्ट सलाह है। उपलब्ध आधिकारिक संदर्भ इस तरीके को Selenium के Python Firefox driver के लिए बताते हैं; इससे दूसरे browsers में इसी method के समर्थन का निष्कर्ष नहीं निकलता।

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आलसी-लोड होने वाले पेज और अलग scroll container

कुछ पेजों पर नीचे स्क्रॉल करने पर ही चित्र या अन्य सामग्री लोड होती है। ऐसे पेज में स्क्रीनशॉट लेने से पहले उस सामग्री के दिखाई देने या लोड होने की प्रतीक्षा करें। कितनी देर रुकना है, इसका कोई एक सार्वभौमिक समय नहीं है—पेज के व्यवहार के अनुसार उपयुक्त condition या प्रतीक्षा तय करें।

ऊपर का JavaScript document को स्क्रॉल करने के लिए document.body.scrollHeight इस्तेमाल करता है। यदि पेज का मुख्य हिस्सा अलग, independently scrolling container में है, तो document को नीचे ले जाने से वह container नीचे नहीं जाएगा। ऐसी स्थिति में उसी container को पहचानकर उसके scroll position को बदलना होगा; selector और तरीका साइट की DOM संरचना पर निर्भर करेगा।

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समस्या आए तो क्या जाँचें

  • स्क्रीनशॉट में ऊपर का हिस्सा दिखता है: पुष्टि करें कि execute_script() के बाद ही save_screenshot() चल रहा है। यदि पेज अलग scroll container इस्तेमाल करता है, तो document वाला scroll उस हिस्से को नहीं हिलाएगा।
  • स्क्रीनशॉट में पूरा पेज नहीं है: यह सामान्य save_screenshot() का अपेक्षित परिणाम है—वह मौजूदा window कैप्चर करता है। पूरे document के लिए Firefox Python driver का save_full_page_screenshot() आज़माएँ और version समर्थन जाँचें।
  • नीचे की छवियाँ या सामग्री गायब हैं: हो सकता है वे scroll के बाद लोड होती हों। संबंधित सामग्री आने की प्रतीक्षा करें; प्रतीक्षा की शर्त पेज-विशिष्ट होगी।
  • Full-page method उपलब्ध नहीं है: अपने Selenium और Firefox driver के संस्करण तथा Python API संदर्भ में method की उपलब्धता जाँचें। Firefox वाला तरीका दूसरे browsers पर लागू मानकर न चलें।
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