Hermes can run in Docker in two different ways: the entire Hermes application can run in a container, or Hermes can run on your host while Docker contains its terminal, file, and code-execution tools. Choose the pattern that matches what you want isolated. Neither makes an autonomous agent risk-free: credentials passed into a container, network access, persistent files, skills, and memory can still create exposure.
Choose which part of Hermes Docker will run
The two deployment patterns have different setup steps, data locations, and trust boundaries. Do not treat them as interchangeable.
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| Pattern | What runs in Docker | Where state lives | Primary boundary |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hermes application in Docker | The Hermes application runs from the official nousresearch/hermes-agent image. |
A host directory is mounted at /opt/data for user data. |
The application runs in a container, but the mounted data remains accessible to it. |
| Docker terminal backend | Hermes runs on the host; its terminal, file, and code-execution tools run in a Docker container. | By default, a long-lived shared execution container can retain state across tool calls and Hermes processes. | Tool execution is isolated from the host to a degree, subject to mounts, forwarded credentials, network settings, and Docker flags. |
The official Hermes Docker guide and configuration documentation describe these as distinct patterns. The hardening settings for the terminal backend should not be assumed to apply to the full-application image.
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In this pattern, Docker runs Hermes itself. The official Docker guide’s first-run flow creates a host data directory, runs the official image with the setup command, and mounts that directory at /opt/data. The setup wizard requests API credentials and stores configuration and user data in the mounted area.
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Use the complete, current command block in the official Hermes Docker guide rather than copying a remembered or partial command: image tags and command syntax can change. After setup, the guide runs the gateway in a container with the same mount. Keeping the same host directory mounted is what lets the recreated container find the saved user data.
Protect the mounted data
The installation documentation describes application files under /opt/hermes/ and user data under the mounted /opt/data/. The image is designed to be stateless with user data kept separately. Treat the host directory as sensitive: it contains configuration and may contain credentials entered during setup. Limit who can access it and avoid mounting it into unrelated containers or services.
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- Back up the host data directory before upgrades or other changes.
- Keep the mount path consistent when recreating the container. Removing or changing the mount changes where Hermes looks for saved configuration and state.
- Follow the official upgrade workflow: pull the updated image, recreate the container, and retain the mounted data directory.
The Docker guide says an image update can run non-interactive configuration schema migrations against the mounted configuration. When a migration is needed, it creates timestamped backups beside configuration and environment files. A backup is useful, but it is not a substitute for keeping your own recoverable copy of the data directory.
Use Docker as Hermes’s terminal backend
Choose this pattern when Hermes itself should stay on the host but tool execution should take place in Docker. Configure the Docker terminal backend in Hermes rather than launching the full application image. The configuration documentation describes a single long-lived shared container as the default: working-directory changes, installed packages, files in /workspace, and background processes can persist across tool calls and Hermes processes.
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That persistence is convenient for work that spans multiple tool calls, but it can also leave state shared between conversations. If commands or files from one conversation should not carry into another, use per-session isolation where appropriate.
Shared container or per-session container
| Consideration | Shared persistent container (default) | Per-session mode (container_persistent: false) |
|---|---|---|
| State and packages | Working-directory changes, installed packages, and files can persist across calls and Hermes processes. | A fresh sandbox is created when needed for each chat/session; state does not carry over between sessions. |
| Isolation between conversations | Conversations may share the same execution environment and its state. | Each chat/session gets a separate execution environment. |
| Lifecycle and background processes | Background processes can persist across tool calls and processes. | The sandbox is removed when the session closes or expires; background processes do not carry over. |
| Convenience | Useful when files, packages, or processes need to remain available. | Provides cleaner session boundaries but requires setup or state to be recreated for a later session. |
Confirm the current lifecycle behavior in Hermes’s configuration documentation before relying on a particular session-expiration or cleanup detail.
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Harden the terminal sandbox without weakening it elsewhere
Hermes’s security documentation lists controls for its Docker terminal backend: drop all Linux capabilities, add back DAC_OVERRIDE, CHOWN, and FOWNER, set no-new-privileges, impose a PID limit, and use size-limited temporary filesystems. It also documents configurable CPU, memory, disk, and persistence settings. These controls apply to the documented terminal-backend configuration; they are not proof that every Docker installation or full-application container has identical hardening.
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Decide whether tool execution needs network access
The terminal-backend setting terminal.docker_network: false disables network egress for the execution container using Docker’s --network=none. The setting covers the container used by terminal, code-execution, and file tools. Disabling egress can reduce the ability of tool code to contact external services, but it can also break tasks that need downloads or network access. Test the workflows you depend on.
If a persistent container already exists, changing network configuration can cause Hermes to replace it. Background processes in that container may be lost, so plan the change accordingly.
Forward only task-specific credentials
Hermes’s security documentation states: “If you add names to terminal.docker_forward_env, those variables are intentionally injected into the container for terminal commands.” Code running there can read and exfiltrate forwarded values. Forward only credentials that a task actually needs, and prefer credentials with minimal scope and duration. Avoid placing secrets in an execution context shared across conversations when isolation matters.
What Docker does not protect against
Docker narrows direct exposure to the host; it does not make an autonomous agent safe by itself. The agent may still misuse credentials explicitly made available to it, make network requests when egress is enabled, or interact with persistent files, memory, or skills. A mounted host directory is also an intentional connection between the container and host data.
A Cloud Security Alliance research note dated May 2026 raised broader agent-security concerns involving credentials, persistent memory, skills, prompt injection, and network-accessible endpoints. It recommended considering a non-local sandbox backend, a restricted write-safe root, memory protections and audits, review of community skills, and controls on exposed endpoints. The note describes itself as AI-assisted; treat it as a dated research note, not a vendor guarantee or proof of the current status of any issue. Docker alone does not resolve those risks.
Quick Recap
A safer setup checklist
- Decide whether you need the full application in a container or only Docker-backed tool execution.
- For the full application, keep the host data directory mounted at
/opt/data, restrict access to it, and back it up before upgrades. - For the terminal backend, choose shared persistence or per-session isolation based on whether state should cross conversation boundaries.
- Keep the documented sandbox controls intact; inspect custom Docker arguments for conflicts.
- Disable network egress for execution when the task does not require it, and account for possible container replacement when changing the setting.
- Minimize forwarded credentials and review skills, persistent state, and any network-accessible services that the agent can reach.
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