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RAID Calculator: Estimate Usable Disk Space by RAID Level

ServeTheHome’s RAID calculator provides approximate usable array capacity. Learn the common RAID formulas, worked examples, formatting and unit caveats, and what the tool cannot tell you.
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The ServeTheHome RAID calculator gives an approximate usable-capacity estimate for a selected RAID layout and drive configuration. Use it to compare how mirroring and parity change available space, then verify formatted capacity, fault tolerance, performance, and hardware compatibility separately.

What the ServeTheHome RAID calculator does

ServeTheHome describes its free tool as a “version 1 RAID calculator” that calculates “approximate array sizes.” Its purpose is to show the usable capacity of different configurations, such as RAID 1 or RAID 60. The page also points readers to a separate reliability calculator for data-loss estimates; this capacity tool should not be treated as a reliability, performance, backup, or purchasing analysis.

The embedded widget’s current input fields, supported RAID levels, mixed-drive rules, and output units are not documented in the page text. Check the live calculator before assuming that it supports a particular layout or combination of drive sizes.

How RAID layout changes usable capacity

Redundancy consumes raw capacity. These are common planning rules for arrays built from same-size drives:

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  • Note:The eSATA port on this product does not support the use of a computer’s SATA-to-eSATA adapter. Hot-swapping is not supported. The computer’s eSATA port must support RAID functionality to properly access multiple drive bays via the eSATA port; otherwise, only one drive bay can be accessed.
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RAID level Typical usable-capacity rule What consumes capacity
RAID 0 Total capacity of all drives No redundancy
RAID 1 Capacity of one drive A mirrored copy
RAID 5 Total capacity minus one drive One drive’s worth of parity
RAID 6 Total capacity minus two drives Two drives’ worth of dual parity
RAID 10 About half of total capacity Mirrored pairs, then striping

These formulas are simplified planning rules, not guarantees that every controller, software implementation, or mixed-size arrangement behaves identically. Drive count, the smallest member size, metadata, and implementation-specific reservations can affect the result.

Worked capacity examples

Eight 8 TB drives in RAID 5

Western Digital’s RAID capacity calculator gives 8 × 8 TB in RAID 5 as 56 TB usable (56,000 GB). One 8 TB drive’s equivalent capacity is reserved for parity, leaving seven drive-equivalents for data.

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Eight 4 TB drives across common levels

The same Western Digital calculator compares an eight-drive set as follows:

Layout Illustrative usable capacity
RAID 0 32 TB
RAID 5 28 TB
RAID 6 24 TB
RAID 10 16 TB

These are worked calculator examples, not results from a named study or a benchmark.

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Usable array capacity is not the same as free space in the operating system

RAID capacity is the array’s logical size before an operating system and file system format it. Western Digital cautions that the reported formatted capacity depends on the operating system and file system. Decimal drive labels also differ from binary reporting: manufacturers use 1 TB for one trillion bytes, while an operating system may display a 4 TB drive as roughly 3.64 TB in binary units.

  • Raw capacity: the sum of the capacities printed on the drives.
  • Usable RAID capacity: the space left after mirroring or parity overhead.
  • Formatted capacity and free space: what remains after file-system metadata, reserved space, snapshots, and stored data.

Keep TB (decimal) distinct from TiB (binary) when sizing a volume or comparing a calculator result with an operating-system display.

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A practical way to use the calculator

  1. List the intended drives. Record the number and rated capacity of each member. Do not assume mixed-size support until the current tool and your RAID implementation document it.
  2. Select the RAID level. Compare at least the layouts that meet your redundancy and performance requirements; capacity alone does not establish how many failures an array can tolerate.
  3. Record the displayed result and units. Note whether the widget reports TB, GB, TiB, or another unit.
  4. Allow for formatting and operational headroom. The eventual file-system volume will not necessarily show the calculator’s full logical number.
  5. Validate the design elsewhere. Check controller or operating-system support, rebuild behavior, workload performance, backup coverage, and the manufacturer’s current drive guidance before purchasing.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Support on Ko-Fi

What the calculator cannot answer by itself

Reliability and failure tolerance

A larger usable number does not prove greater safety. RAID 0 has no redundancy, while parity and mirrored layouts have different failure limits and rebuild characteristics. Use a reliability-focused analysis and maintain an independent backup rather than inferring data-loss risk from capacity.

Performance

Read and write speed depends on the RAID implementation, controller or software stack, workload, cache, network, and drive type. The ServeTheHome capacity page does not present performance estimates.

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Mixed-size and implementation behavior

Simple formulas assume comparable drive sizes. Many implementations base each member on the smallest drive, and some layouts impose minimum drive counts or other restrictions. Confirm those rules for your NAS, controller, or operating system.

Final volume size

Partition tables, file-system metadata, snapshots, thin provisioning, and reserved space can reduce the capacity available for files after the array is created.

Choosing drives after estimating capacity

Drive selection depends on the enclosure, interface, workload, vibration environment, endurance requirements, and support policy. Western Digital categorizes WD Red Plus and WD Red Pro for NAS arrays, and WD Gold and Ultrastar for enterprise and data-center arrays. Those categories indicate intended environments, not a universal recommendation for every system; check the specific model’s compatibility and workload specifications.

Bottom line

Use the ServeTheHome calculator for a quick, approximate comparison of RAID usable space. Treat its result as the array’s planning capacity, convert units carefully, and then verify implementation limits, formatted volume size, reliability, performance, backups, and drive suitability before committing to a design.

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Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on Amazon at the time of purchase will apply.

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