Set HTTP credentials on the Playwright browser context before creating a page, then navigate to the protected URL and take the screenshot. Use full_page=True to capture the entire scrollable page.
Capture a protected page with HTTP authentication
This synchronous Python example uses Playwright’s browser context credentials for page navigation. Replace the URL and placeholders with an authorized target and its credentials. The code combines the official HTTP-authentication and screenshot workflows; check the current Playwright documentation for your installed version.
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
with sync_playwright() as p:
browser = p.chromium.launch()
context = browser.new_context(
http_credentials={
"username": "YOUR_USERNAME",
"password": "YOUR_PASSWORD",
"origin": "https://example.com",
}
)
page = context.new_page()
page.goto("https://example.com/protected")
page.screenshot(path="screenshot.png", full_page=True)
browser.close()The important placement is http_credentials on browser.new_context(), before context.new_page(). The resulting page uses that context when it makes browser requests. See Playwright’s Python network guide and screenshot guide.
Scope credentials to the right origin
In the Browser API, origin is the scheme, host, and port, such as https://example.com. When the protected page is on a known origin, specifying it helps keep credentials scoped to that site. The API reference documents an unauthorized default send mode: credentials are sent after a 401 response with a WWW-Authenticate header. With send set to always, they are sent on each request. Without an origin, credentials may be sent to any server after an unauthorized response. See the Browser API reference.
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The reference also allows an array of credential records for multiple origins. Playwright selects the first entry matching an origin; an entry without an origin can match any request. Avoid a catch-all entry if the credentials should only be used for specific sites.
Choose the screenshot output you need
- Viewport image: use
page.screenshot(path="screenshot.png")to save the visible viewport. - Full-page image: set
full_page=Trueto capture the full scrollable page. - Image bytes: omit
path, as inimage_bytes = page.screenshot(), to keep the screenshot in memory for further processing. - One element: use a locator’s
screenshot()method to capture a specific element. The API reference discourages the older ElementHandle screenshot approach in favor of locator-based screenshots.
Screenshot options for file type and image handling can vary with the installed Playwright version; consult its screenshot documentation and API reference rather than assuming an option is available.
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HTTP authentication is not application login
http_credentials is for HTTP authentication challenges. It does not sign a user into an application whose session is established through a login form or stored in cookies, local storage, IndexedDB, or passkeys. For those sites, automate the application login or use Playwright’s saved authenticated browser state to initialize a later context. The authentication guide explains the state workflow and warns that saved state can contain cookies and headers that allow impersonation. Treat the file as a secret and keep it out of version control.
Common problems and fixes
- The page still shows an authentication prompt: verify the username, password, target URL, and origin scope. Confirm the server is using HTTP authentication rather than an application login form.
- Credentials work in an API call but not in the page: an
APIRequestContexthas separate credentials. Itshttp_credentialssetting applies to API request-context requests and does not configure browser page requests. Set credentials on the browser context instead, as described in the APIRequest reference. - The screenshot file is missing or empty: ensure navigation reaches the intended page before capturing and that the process can write to the chosen path. For more control over navigation completion, consult the installed version’s navigation API guidance.
- The capture cuts off content below the fold: add
full_page=True; the default screenshot is the viewport capture. - A login-state file exposes access: restrict access to it, do not commit it, and handle it like a password because it may contain session cookies or headers.
Or skip the browser setup
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