If Tamil text appears as empty boxes or missing characters in a Puppeteer screenshot, check the fonts available to the Ubuntu environment that actually runs Chrome, then confirm the page loads and uses a Tamil-capable font before capturing. A font installed on your desktop will not help a separate container or CI runner. Noto Tamil is one family to check; the right fix depends on whether the problem is font coverage, page CSS, web-font loading, or a separate browser startup failure.
First identify whether the problem is rendering or browser startup
If Puppeteer launches and produces an image but Tamil glyphs are missing, investigate font coverage and page font loading. If Chrome will not launch, diagnose browser installation, Linux libraries, or sandboxing separately: a launch error does not show that Tamil fonts are missing.
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- Screenshot exists, Tamil is boxes or blank: check the fonts and CSS in the host, container, or CI image running Chrome.
- Screenshot runs before Tamil appears: wait for the page’s web fonts to load, then inspect the selected font and network requests.
- Chrome fails before capture: check Puppeteer’s browser installation, shared libraries, and any Ubuntu sandbox issue.
Puppeteer’s installation guide describes its browser download behavior and manual installation command: Puppeteer installation. Its troubleshooting guide covers Linux dependencies, Docker, and AppArmor: Puppeteer troubleshooting.
Check Tamil font coverage in the actual Ubuntu runtime
Reproduce the capture using the same Ubuntu image, Chromium binary, and user context as production or CI. A workstation screenshot is not a reliable comparison if the browser runtimes have different installed fonts.
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Noto Tamil is a Tamil font family. The Noto Fonts project records Noto Sans Tamil UI builds in Noto Tamil v2.004 (2023) and identifies the font software as licensed under the SIL Open Font License 1.1. See the Noto Tamil project for the project’s files and license details.
Ubuntu’s Jammy package catalogue describes fonts-noto-core as providing “No Tofu” font families with large Unicode coverage; the catalogue lists version 20201225-1build1 for Jammy. That is Jammy-specific package metadata, not a guarantee about other Ubuntu releases. Check the package catalogue and package contents for the Ubuntu release used by your deployment: Ubuntu Jammy fonts-noto-core.
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For a controlled Ubuntu image, installing an appropriate system font package is one option. Bundling a font with the application can make rendering more reproducible across environments, but you must manage the font asset and its license. In either case, confirm that the face covers the specific Tamil characters being rendered and that the page actually selects it.
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If the site serves Tamil through @font-face or another web-font mechanism, a screenshot taken before that font finishes loading can capture fallback glyphs. Wait for the browser’s font set before calling page.screenshot(), and then verify the result in the target runtime.
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await page.goto('https://example.com', { waitUntil: 'networkidle0' });
await page.evaluate(() => document.fonts.ready);
const fontInfo = await page.evaluate(() => {
const el = document.querySelector('body');
return el ? getComputedStyle(el).fontFamily : null;
});
console.log('Body font family:', fontInfo);
await page.screenshot({ path: 'tamil-page.png', fullPage: true });Replace the example URL with the page you are capturing. networkidle0 can be unsuitable for pages with persistent network activity; in that case navigate with an appropriate readiness condition for the application, still wait for document.fonts.ready, and optionally wait for a page-specific selector. A computed font-family value shows the CSS family list, not by itself proof that a particular font file loaded or contains every glyph.
If the computed family or screenshot suggests fallback, inspect the browser console and network activity for failed font requests. Check that the font URL is reachable from the runtime and that the site’s Content Security Policy, asset path, and @font-face declaration permit the font to load. As a focused test, set a Tamil-capable family explicitly in a fixture or page stylesheet and capture representative Tamil text. Do not call the issue fixed until you inspect a screenshot made in the same environment that was failing.
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Install Puppeteer’s browser separately from fixing fonts
Puppeteer’s normal installation downloads Chrome for Testing. Some package-manager configurations suppress install scripts, so the browser download may not happen. In that case, run the documented browser installation command from the project directory:
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npx puppeteer browsers installIf Chrome is present but does not start, inspect missing Linux shared-library dependencies. Puppeteer’s troubleshooting guide recommends checking the Chrome binary with ldd chrome | grep not and documents the relevant Debian/Ubuntu dependencies. Docker images may need additional browser dependencies; use the guide’s Docker instructions for the image and Puppeteer version in use.
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Puppeteer also documents a possible AppArmor-related sandbox issue for Puppeteer-downloaded Chrome for Testing on Ubuntu 23.10 and newer. Treat this as a browser startup problem, not a font repair. Puppeteer strongly discourages disabling Chrome’s sandbox as a general workaround; follow its current troubleshooting guidance for the actual environment instead.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Practical troubleshooting sequence
- Reproduce in the target runtime. Use the same Ubuntu host or container image, Chromium binary, and execution user as the failing capture.
- Check for a Tamil-capable font. Inspect the packages and fonts available for that Ubuntu release. Noto Tamil is a focused candidate; do not assume Jammy package metadata applies to another release.
- Wait for font loading. For web fonts, await
document.fonts.readybefore the screenshot and check failed font requests. - Verify CSS selection and glyph coverage. Inspect computed styles, test an explicit Tamil-capable family, and confirm the chosen face supports the characters in question.
- Check bundled-font delivery. If the site supplies its own font, verify the
@font-faceURL, network access, and CSP rules. - Only if Chrome fails to launch, investigate browser installation, missing shared libraries, Docker requirements, and applicable Ubuntu sandbox issues.
- Capture and inspect a representative test. Include the Tamil text that failed, review the resulting image, and check console and network output in the target runtime.
Or skip the browser setup
For a clean screenshot without managing a local Puppeteer browser, make one API request. See the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for request options.
curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://example.com -o shot.webpScreenshotNeo accepts cookie and consent banners before capture and removes more than 60 known consent platforms, newsletter popups, and chat widgets; each cleanup step can be turned off. Bot checks and CAPTCHAs, blank pages, timeouts, failed loads, and cache hits are not billed, and the response identifies the page verdict and billing status in headers. Its MCP server provides take_screenshot, get_page_info, and capture_pdf for AI agents and other MCP clients. The Free plan includes 1,000 screenshots per month with no card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000 shots.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Why does the Tamil page look correct in my browser but not in Puppeteer?
The browser on your desktop and the Chrome instance launched by Puppeteer may have different fonts or web-font access. Compare them in the same runtime and user context before changing the page.
Does installing Noto Tamil guarantee every Tamil glyph will render?
No. Confirm the installed face covers the characters involved and that the page loads and selects it; fallback, CSS, or failed font delivery can still cause missing glyphs.
Can I fix missing Tamil glyphs with Puppeteer’s –no-sandbox option?
No. A sandbox setting addresses a browser launch constraint, not font coverage, and Puppeteer strongly discourages disabling the sandbox as a general workaround.
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