The Tool Desk
Outbyte Driver Updater FREEScan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteDriver Scan →Outbyte PC Repair FREEClear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsFree Scan →For independent clients who do not share a trust boundary, run a separate OpenClaw Gateway cell for each client. Give every cell its own Gateway process, persistent state, credentials, workspace, channel accounts, container network, and host-loopback port. A shared Gateway can route sessions, but routing and agent sandboxing do not authorize one tenant against another.
Choose the isolation boundary before you deploy
The right deployment depends on how much trust clients share and what boundary your service must maintain. The documented OpenClaw multi-client pattern uses separate local cells; it does not turn one Gateway into a hostile-tenant platform.
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| Deployment choice | When it fits | Boundary and trade-off |
|---|---|---|
| One shared Gateway | Users operate within one trusted operator domain. | Sessions route messages, but do not provide tenant authorization. Not appropriate for mutually untrusted independent clients. |
| One Fleet cell per client on one host | Clients need separate Gateway processes, credentials, state, networks, and endpoints, while the host operator remains trusted. | Matches the documented local pattern. Fleet is experimental and supervises local Docker or Podman cells; it is not a multi-host control plane. |
| Stronger container runtime or microVM per client | Workload risk calls for isolation beyond the baseline container profile. | Requires runtime or infrastructure configuration beyond Fleet’s runtime selector. |
| Separate machine per client | A client requires a stronger administrative or host boundary, or tenants are hostile to one another. | Separates the host boundary as well as the Gateway cell, at the cost of managing more machines. |
The host operator remains trusted in a shared-host design: administrators can inspect container configuration, mounted state, and environment values. OpenClaw’s documented model does not claim protection against a compromised host.
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What a production cell should contain
Treat each client’s cell as a complete deployment, not just a separate agent or session. Fleet’s host-side supervisor records cells and asks a local container runtime to create and manage them.
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- A dedicated Gateway process, listening on port
18789inside its container. - A separate persistent state mount at
/home/node/.openclaw, containing that client’s Gateway configuration and credentials. - That client’s own workspace, channel accounts, and Gateway token; do not share these between cells.
- A separate user-defined bridge network and a distinct host port published only on host loopback.
- Per-cell CPU, memory, and PID limits, plus an optional writable-layer disk limit, sized for the workload.
Fleet publishes each internal Gateway port on a host loopback port. An approved reverse proxy, SSH tunnel, or tailnet can provide remote operator access in front of that private endpoint. Fleet does not provide shared channel ingress: channel accounts terminate inside their owning cell.
Deploy one client cell at a time
- Classify the trust boundary. If clients are independent or mutually untrusted, provision a separate cell for each. Do not use separate session IDs or agent sandboxes as substitutes for tenant authorization.
- Prepare the host and runtime. Fleet operates local Docker or Podman containers; remote runtime endpoints are unsupported because bind paths and loopback URLs refer to the local host. For OpenClaw’s Compose-based Docker flow, the documented prerequisites are Docker Engine or Docker Desktop and Docker Compose v2.
- Choose and pin the image. OpenClaw’s Docker guidance identifies the official GHCR image as the primary choice for releases and pinned deployments, and warns against unofficial mirrors. For production, use a release-pinned image rather than a moving tag, and use the official upgrade flow when updating.
- Create isolated cell resources. Give each client separate persistent state, workspace, channel configuration, network, and host-loopback port. Do not mount one client’s credentials or writable state into another client’s cell.
- Apply the baseline container profile. Fleet’s documented baseline drops Linux capabilities, enables no-new-privileges, and applies process, memory, and CPU limits, with an optional writable-layer disk limit. Keep the cell’s published Gateway endpoint bound to host loopback.
- Configure access deliberately. Keep the Gateway private by default. For remote operator access, use an SSH tunnel or Tailscale rather than exposing the Gateway directly. Any non-loopback bind needs a valid shared-secret token/password authentication path or a correctly configured trusted-proxy deployment.
- Verify the boundary and recovery path. Check that each cell has its own state and channel credentials, that its Gateway port is not publicly exposed, and that host firewall policy matches the intended access. Test backup restoration as a credential-sensitive operation.
Network isolation: account for egress as well as ingress
Separate user-defined bridge networks prevent direct container-IP traffic between cells, but outbound NAT access is allowed by default. A private published port does not by itself restrict what a cell can reach outbound.
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- Podman: An internal network can block egress while retaining the published loopback Gateway port in the documented design.
- Docker: An internal network breaks that published-port design. For Docker egress restrictions, the documentation points to host firewall policy such as the
DOCKER-USERchain. - Public host: Review both host firewall rules and container port publishing. Do not assume that binding a service to loopback makes unrelated exposed ports or firewall rules safe.
If a client’s workload needs stronger isolation than the baseline cell offers, consider a stronger OCI runtime or a microVM. If the requirement is to prevent one client from sharing the host’s administrative boundary at all, place that client on a separate machine.
Protect state and credentials like secrets
Current OAuth access, refresh, and ID-token values are stored as plaintext in SQLite under the ordinary /home/node/.openclaw state mount. Consequently, a state-only backup or copied tenant state contains credentials and must be protected accordingly.
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A separate auth-profile-secrets mount contains a key used for legacy encrypted-sidecar recovery; it does not encrypt current SQLite rows or make a state-only backup safe to disclose. Limit access to host backups and snapshots, separate them by client, and use an appropriate protected storage and retention policy.
Know what Fleet does—and does not—manage
Fleet is an experimental local lifecycle supervisor, not a complete hosted multi-tenant service. Its commands, flags, and container profile may change between releases, so validate the installed version’s behavior before relying on an automation workflow.
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- It manages local Docker or Podman cells, not remote cell hosts.
- It does not supply a multi-host control plane, shared ingress router, tenant portal, billing, or delegated administration.
- It does not provide shared channel accounts or a shared inbound router.
- It assumes the host and its operator are trusted, and does not claim resistance to a compromised host.
If you are building a client-facing hosting service, you will need to design those service-level pieces separately: for example, how clients receive access, how channel events reach the correct cell, how operators audit changes, and how a cell is upgraded or recovered. Do not treat Fleet itself as providing those features.
Operational checks before accepting clients
- Confirm one cell, state mount, workspace, token, channel account set, network, and loopback port per independent client.
- Confirm remote access uses an intentional private access path, and that non-loopback Gateway binds have valid authentication or a correctly configured trusted proxy.
- Confirm the host firewall and container networking implement the intended ingress and egress policy.
- Confirm limits are set for the cell’s CPU, memory, and process use; set writable-layer disk limits where needed.
- Restrict access to tenant state, environment values, and backups because the host operator can inspect them and current OAuth values are plaintext in SQLite.
- Pin release images and follow the official upgrade procedure; recheck Fleet’s experimental commands and behavior when changing versions.
The official hosting overview for Ansible describes a different deployment approach built around firewall-first security, Tailscale remote access, Docker isolation, and systemd hardening; it identifies its Ansible repository as the source of truth for that method. It is not a replacement for deciding whether each client needs a separate host boundary.
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