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For a Forge or NeoForge dedicated server, mod settings are usually split between two places: <server_folder>/config for common settings and <server_folder>/world/serverconfig for settings owned by a particular world. Vanilla Java settings remain in the root server.properties file. On a client, files normally live under .minecraft/config, while a single-player world’s server-scoped settings are under .minecraft/saves/<level_name>/serverconfig. The correct file depends on the mod loader, the setting’s scope, and the world or installation it belongs to—not merely on a filename that happens to contain “server.”
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The three configuration scopes you need to identify
NeoForge documents three scopes, and Forge commonly follows the same practical separation. A mod registers a setting as CLIENT, COMMON or SERVER. The registration determines where the value belongs and how it behaves; a filename suffix such as -common or -server is only a naming hint.
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CLIENT
Client settings affect one player’s game, such as a visual option or interface preference. A client-only file is created in .minecraft/config and has no dedicated-server counterpart. Editing it on the server cannot change what another player sees.
COMMON
Common settings are available to both physical sides: the client and the server. A client stores them in .minecraft/config; a dedicated server stores them in <server_folder>/config. Whether a particular common value must match on both sides depends on the mod. Read the mod’s documentation or the startup log before distributing a copy to players.
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SERVER
Server settings govern a world or server instance. On a dedicated server they are stored in <server_folder>/world/serverconfig. In single-player, the integrated server’s copy is in .minecraft/saves/<level_name>/serverconfig. NeoForge describes SERVER values as server-side and says they are synchronized to clients where supported, so players do not automatically control these values from their own client files.
Where each file lives
| File or directory | Owner and scope | Typical format | Generated for | When a change applies |
|---|---|---|---|---|
.minecraft/config |
Client-only and common settings on a player’s installation | Usually TOML for Forge/NeoForge mods | That client installation | Mod-dependent: restart, reload event or world reload |
<server_folder>/config |
Common settings on a dedicated server | Usually TOML | That server installation | Mod-dependent; many require a restart |
<server_folder>/world/serverconfig |
Server-scoped settings for the dedicated server’s world | Usually TOML | That world | Mod-dependent; often read at startup or world load |
.minecraft/saves/<level_name>/serverconfig |
Server-scoped settings for a single-player world | Usually TOML | That single-player world | Mod-dependent; often requires leaving and reloading the world |
server.properties in the server root |
Vanilla Java server settings | Java properties text | The server installation | Usually at server start; follow the setting’s documentation |
mods.toml inside a mod’s META-INF |
Mod metadata and loading information, not gameplay configuration | TOML | The packaged mod | Read by the loader when the mod is loaded |
Forge and NeoForge runtime configuration is commonly TOML read through NightConfig. NeoForge’s documentation summarizes this as: “NeoForge uses a configuration system using TOML files and read with NightConfig.” A TOML file in a mod’s package can therefore mean something entirely different from the TOML file generated in your server’s config directory.
How to locate the exact setting
Do not start by opening every file with “server” in its name. Use this sequence instead:
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- Identify the loader and version. Record whether the instance uses Forge, NeoForge or Fabric, the Minecraft version, and the exact mod version. Fabric mods can use different configuration conventions, so their own documentation is authoritative.
- Identify the owner. Decide whether the option is visual or personal (CLIENT), shared by both sides (COMMON), or a world rule (SERVER). If the documentation does not state the scope, inspect the mod’s startup message or generated comments rather than guessing.
- Search the startup log. Mod loading messages often print a configuration filename or the directory being read. An exact filename is safer than choosing a similarly named file by eye.
- Check both locations when the setting is world-specific. A value absent from the installation-level
configdirectory may have been generated only after the world was created, under itsserverconfigdirectory. - Confirm the file was generated for this version. Keys can be renamed, removed or changed to a different type between Minecraft, loader and mod releases. A file copied from another pack is not automatically compatible.
Editing a Forge or NeoForge file safely
These files are plain text, but TOML punctuation is meaningful. Treat an edit as a controlled change rather than a quick search-and-replace.
- Stop the server completely. Do not edit while the process is writing configuration or saving a world. For a single-player world, exit to the title screen before changing its files.
- Back up the original. Copy the target file and, for a world-scoped change, back up the complete world folder. Give the copy a clear date or version name so it cannot be confused with the active file.
- Open only the documented file. Use a text editor that preserves the file’s encoding, quotation marks and line endings. Avoid word processors that add formatting.
- Change one related group of values. Keep the existing section headers and comments. Preserve booleans such as
trueandfalse, quoted strings, commas in lists, and numeric types exactly as the file expects. - Save, then restart or perform the documented reload. Some mods read a file only during server startup; others expose a reload event or apply a world reload. Saving the file alone is not proof that the running server has adopted it.
- Read the new log from the beginning. Look for the mod’s configuration messages and the first error, not merely the last line. Join the server only after the loader completes normally.
A minimal TOML shape
Generated files differ by mod, but the syntax generally resembles this illustrative structure:
[section]
enabled = true
max_value = 32
label = "example"The names above are examples, not universal options. Never add a section or key just because it appears in another mod’s file. A missing key may be intentionally using the mod’s default.
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The answer depends on scope rather than on whether the filename contains “server.”
- Client-only: each player can keep personal values in their own
.minecraft/config. These do not belong on the dedicated server. - Common: the server has a copy in its
configdirectory and clients may have corresponding files. If a mod requires matching values, distribute the modpack’s generated file or document the required value; do not assume every common option must match. - Server: the authoritative copy is in the world’s
serverconfig. Players normally do not edit it. The loader or mod may synchronize supported values to clients, but synchronization is not guaranteed for every setting. - Vanilla: values such as the Java server’s basic world and gameplay properties belong in root
server.properties, not in a mod’s TOML file.
If a player changes a client file and nothing changes on the server, that is usually expected behavior for a SERVER setting. Conversely, changing a server file cannot override a purely visual CLIENT preference.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Why a config appears to reset
You edited the wrong scope
A setting changed in config may be replaced by the world-specific value in serverconfig, or vice versa. Check the mod’s declared scope and the path in the log.
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The file was regenerated
Mods commonly create a missing file with defaults. Deleting a file, changing the instance directory, or launching a fresh world can therefore make it look as if an edit was lost. Compare timestamps and confirm you are starting the same server folder.
The loader rejected a key
After a Minecraft, Forge or NeoForge, or mod update, an old key may be renamed or removed. The mod can write a new file containing current defaults while reporting an error about the old value. Keep the backup, then migrate only documented keys instead of replacing the new file wholesale.
The value has not been reloaded
A successful save does not change an already running server unless that mod supports a reload event. Restart the server, reload the world when documented, and verify the effective value in the log or in-game.
TOML syntax or type is invalid
Unclosed quotes, a missing bracket, a comma in the wrong place, or changing a number to a quoted string can prevent startup. Restore the backup first. If you must repair manually, compare the edited line with the freshly generated default and fix the first configuration-related error reported by the loader.
Why Forge or NeoForge will not start after an edit
Most startup failures fall into a short decision path:
- Restore the last known-good copy. Stop the server, replace the edited file with its backup, and start once to confirm that the file was the trigger.
- Read the first relevant error. Later “server stopped” messages are often consequences. The useful line normally names the file, section, key or expected type.
- Check spelling and punctuation. Keep section brackets, equals signs, quotation marks and comments intact. Remove accidental smart quotes or formatting added by a rich-text editor.
- Check version compatibility. Compare the mod and loader versions with the file that generated the error. Do not copy a configuration from a different Minecraft version without mapping keys.
- Reapply one change. Start with the smallest edit, restart, and verify. Several simultaneous changes make it difficult to identify the offending value.
If the restored file still fails, the cause may be unrelated to configuration; use the earliest loader or mod error rather than continuing to alter files blindly.
Pack defaults and distribution
The Default Server Properties mod documents a root-level default-server.properties file. It supplies values used when vanilla server.properties is created for the first time, which is useful when a pack author wants consistent vanilla defaults across new servers. It does not replace a mod’s TOML file or a world’s serverconfig directory, and it does not retroactively overwrite an existing server.properties.
For a distributable pack, keep installation-level defaults separate from world data. Include the mod files and documented common configuration with the pack, but treat server-scoped files as world state: changing them can alter generated terrain, gameplay rules or progression for an existing save. Record the loader, Minecraft version and mod versions beside any configuration you distribute.
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A practical checklist
- Loader, Minecraft version and mod version identified.
- Setting classified as CLIENT, COMMON or SERVER.
- Exact path confirmed:
.minecraft/config, serverconfig, worldserverconfig, or rootserver.properties. - Server stopped and the target file and world backed up.
- TOML or properties punctuation and value types preserved.
- Only one related change made before restarting.
- Startup log checked for the first configuration error and for confirmation that the file loaded.
- Players told only about files they actually need; server-only values kept authoritative on the server.
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