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void(0) is a JavaScript expression, not a function. It evaluates to the primitive value undefined. The older javascript:void(0) link pattern used that result to run JavaScript without turning a returned string into a new document, but it is now a legacy technique. Use a <button> for an action and a real <a href> for navigation.
What void(0) does
void is a unary operator. It evaluates the expression after it, discards that expression’s result, and returns undefined. Parentheses only group the operand, so these forms are equivalent:
void(0) === undefined; // true
void 0 === undefined; // trueThe operand is still evaluated. Only its resulting value is discarded:
void (2 + 2); // undefined
void console.log("Hi"); // logs "Hi", then returns undefined
void doSomething(); // doSomething still runsFor the literal 0, evaluation has no visible side effect, which is why void(0) appears to “do nothing.” With an arbitrary expression, it can run code, throw an exception, or produce other side effects before returning undefined. It also does not catch errors.
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Why zero is used
0 is merely a predictable, side-effect-free operand. void false, void null, and void "anything" also return undefined; the operator’s result does not depend on the operand’s value.
It is not a function call
In void(0), void is an operator, like typeof, delete, or !. There is no function named void being called. The commonly preferred spelling is void 0; parentheses remain useful when they make a complex operand easier to read.
Why javascript:void(0) appeared in links
A javascript: URL executes JavaScript as a navigation target. Historically, developers used it on anchors that needed to look clickable, run an inline action, and avoid navigating:
<a href="javascript:void(doSomething())">Run action</a>
<a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="openMenu()">Menu</a>The completion value of a javascript: URL matters. If the executed code produces a string, the browser can treat that string as replacement document content. Prefixing the expression with void forces the completion value to undefined, avoiding that replacement. See MDN’s documentation on javascript: URLs and the void operator reference.
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This explains the historical pattern; it does not make the anchor a good modern control.
Why the pattern is discouraged today
It gives the wrong semantics
An anchor represents navigation. A button represents an action. A fake link makes users, browsers, and assistive technology infer the wrong behavior. MDN’s HTML accessibility guidance specifically identifies # and javascript:void(0) as fake-button patterns and recommends a button for actions.
It has poor fallback behavior
A fake link has no meaningful destination if JavaScript fails or is disabled. Copying, dragging, bookmarking, or opening it in a new tab does not provide the behavior users expect from a link. A real URL supplies a useful fallback; a button communicates that no navigation is intended.
It conflicts with security policy and maintainability
javascript: URLs mix executable code into markup and can be blocked by a Content Security Policy, depending on the policy in force, particularly its script-src rules. They are also harder to audit than event listeners in scripts. Review MDN’s Content Security Policy guide and its javascript: URL guidance. This pattern is not an input sanitizer, an XSS defense, or a way to make inline code safe.
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Modern replacements
Use a button for an action
<button type="button" id="open-menu">Open menu</button>
<script>
document.querySelector("#open-menu")
.addEventListener("click", openMenu);
</script>The button supplies action semantics and normal keyboard behavior. The interaction may still require appropriate focus management, an accessible name, and disabled-state handling.
Use a real URL for navigation
<a href="/account/settings">Account settings</a>The <a> element reference describes anchors as navigation elements; give one a destination that tells both the browser and the user where it goes.
Progressively enhance a real link
<a href="/menu" id="menu-link">Menu</a>
<script>
document.querySelector("#menu-link").addEventListener("click", (event) => {
event.preventDefault();
openMenu();
});
</script>The URL remains a fallback when JavaScript is unavailable. Call preventDefault() only when the enhanced interaction should replace the link’s normal navigation.
Discard a return value in ordinary JavaScript
button.addEventListener("click", () => void doSomething());Here, void documents that the handler intentionally ignores doSomething()‘s return value. A block body is often clearer:
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button.addEventListener("click", () => {
doSomething();
});If the expression returns a promise, void does not handle rejection. Handle failures explicitly when they matter:
void fetchData().catch(reportError);How it differs from similar values and techniques
| Pattern | Result or behavior | Appropriate use |
|---|---|---|
void(0) |
Returns undefined; evaluates 0 |
Specialized operator use; legacy fake-link pattern should be replaced |
void 0 |
Same result as void(0) |
Often clearer when intentionally producing undefined |
undefined |
The undefined value |
Normal modern application code |
null |
Intentional absence of an object value; not equal to undefined |
Use when the API specifically assigns that meaning |
false |
A Boolean value | Different from undefined; do not treat it as interchangeable |
href="#" |
Usually targets the current document’s fragment or top position | Not an action-only control |
event.preventDefault() |
Cancels an event’s default browser action | Use when navigation, submission, or another default must be canceled |
<button> |
Semantic action control | Preferred for actions |
Real <a href> |
Semantic navigation | Preferred when the user is going somewhere |
void(0) is therefore not a general replacement for event.preventDefault(). One controls an expression’s return value; the other cancels an event’s default behavior.
Less-common but legitimate uses of void
Starting an immediately invoked function expression
void function () {
console.log("Executed");
}();The operator makes the following function parse as an expression and signals that its result is intentionally discarded. Parentheses are usually more familiar:
(function () {
console.log("Executed");
})();This technique does not transfer directly to arrow functions.
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Explicitly ignoring a promise
Some JavaScript, TypeScript, and lint configurations use void promiseExpression as a convention meaning “start this promise, but do not await its value.” The exact lint rule is project-specific. It does not suppress rejection or exceptions, so attach .catch() or otherwise handle failures where required.
Operator precedence and parentheses
void applies to the expression immediately following it. Parentheses can change what is evaluated:
void 2 === "2";
// Equivalent to: (void 2) === "2"
// false
void (2 === "2");
// The comparison runs, then void returns undefinedUse grouping when the intended operand is not obvious.
Migration and debugging checklist
- Decide whether the element should navigate or perform an action.
- For navigation, replace the fake URL with a meaningful
href. - For an action, replace the anchor with
<button type="button">. - Move inline JavaScript into an event listener.
- Use
event.preventDefault()only when the default event must actually be canceled. - If the old URL stopped working, inspect Content Security Policy violations and the applicable
script-srcpolicy. - Test keyboard operation, focus behavior, screen-reader semantics, disabled states, and the fallback when JavaScript is unavailable.
Keep the operator when it communicates an intentional discarded result in JavaScript. Retire it as a fake-link mechanism: choose the element that matches the user’s intent.
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