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1Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute2Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errors3Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesUse seccomp to restrict the system calls a process can make, and Linux capabilities to remove privileged operations it does not need. Together, they can reduce the kernel interface and authority available to a compromised process—but neither is a complete sandbox. Build the policy around the application’s actual behavior, validate it for the target architecture and kernel, and combine it with other isolation controls.
What each control limits
| Control | What it restricts | Configuration unit | Important failure mode |
|---|---|---|---|
| seccomp | System calls the process may attempt, based on syscall metadata and filter rules. | Syscall policy; filters can be layered and inherited by child processes. | A policy can break required application behavior; checking a syscall number without its architecture value can make a filter unsafe. |
| Linux capabilities | Specific privileged operations otherwise associated with superuser authority. | Distinct privilege attributes associated with threads. | Leaving unnecessary permissions—especially broad authority such as CAP_SYS_ADMIN—retains excessive privilege. |
Seccomp asks which system calls a process may attempt; capabilities constrain which privileged operations it may perform. These controls narrow different dimensions of authority, so using both can reduce the options available to an attacker who compromises a process. The kernel documentation is explicit: “System call filtering isn’t a sandbox.” It notes that other hardening techniques and, where appropriate, a Linux Security Module (LSM) may be needed to address logical behavior and information flow.
Build a policy around the workload
Start with required behavior
Identify what the application and any child programs actually need to do, then restrict the syscall set accordingly. The kernel describes seccomp as useful for applications that use only a subset of the system calls exposed to user space. There is no universal allowlist: requirements vary with the workload, runtime, kernel, and architecture.
Check architecture as well as syscall number
In filter logic, validate the architecture value along with the syscall number. The kernel warns that checking the number alone is unsafe because syscall numbering can differ by architecture. Test the policy against the architecture on which it will run and verify that ordinary application behavior still works.
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Keep child processes in scope
When a process installs a filter, account for what happens next. If the filter allows fork or clone and execve, child processes inherit the installed filters and syscall ABI constraint. This inheritance can help keep later programs constrained, but only if the filter and allowed process-creation behavior fit the workload.
Install filters with the required privilege conditions
Before an unprivileged process installs a seccomp filter, it must set no_new_privs, unless it has CAP_SYS_ADMIN in its user namespace. The prerequisite prevents a process from applying a filter in a way that could let a child gain greater privilege. Check the target kernel and architecture for supported seccomp behavior and configuration; the interface and prerequisites are described in the kernel seccomp documentation and the Linux man-pages seccomp(2) documentation.
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Reduce capabilities individually
Review the capabilities the process actually needs and retain only those. Capabilities split traditional superuser privilege into separately controlled permissions, rather than treating root authority as a single indivisible grant. For example, CAP_NET_RAW permits use of raw and packet sockets, while CAP_SYS_ADMIN covers a wide range of operations. The capabilities manual advises avoiding CAP_SYS_ADMIN where a narrower design is possible.
Capability reduction is not a substitute for syscall filtering: a process may still reach kernel interfaces it does not need even if it lacks particular privileged permissions. Conversely, a narrow syscall policy does not itself remove capabilities the process retains. Review both controls together, and avoid assuming that a permission is harmless simply because the application rarely uses it.
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Validate the combined configuration before deployment
- Inventory behavior: determine the syscalls and privileged operations required by the application and its intended child programs.
- Draft separate policies: restrict syscalls with seccomp and retain only necessary capabilities. Do not copy a generic profile as though it were verified for this workload.
- Check installation conditions: ensure the filter installer has set
no_new_privsor has the requiredCAP_SYS_ADMINin its user namespace. - Review architecture handling: make the filter validate both the architecture and syscall number.
- Test target behavior: exercise the application, child-process paths, and relevant failure cases on the intended kernel and architecture before deployment.
- Keep other isolation layers: use additional hardening and isolation controls, including an LSM where appropriate, rather than treating seccomp and capabilities as complete process isolation.
The sources describe these mechanisms and their limits, not a tested profile for a particular application or container runtime. Configuration details should therefore be checked against the system where the policy will run.
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