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Run backstop test, review the visual report, and use backstop approve to promote only the reviewed captures. Avoid using backstop reference as a routine update command: it creates references without comparison and, by default, deletes existing reference images first.
Update baselines through the comparison workflow
- Run a test capture. From your BackstopJS project, run
backstop test. It captures the current page state and compares the resulting test screenshots with the existing references in a visual report. To limit the test run, use the scenario-label filter supported by your project configuration and installed BackstopJS version. - Inspect the report before accepting changes. Compare the reference, test, and difference views. Check that the URL and environment are correct, the page has reached the intended state, and the viewport and content are what you expect. A difference can indicate an intentional application change, but it can also result from a wrong target or inconsistent rendering.
- Approve only after review. When the changes are intentional, run
backstop approve. BackstopJS promotes screenshots from the most recent test batch to the reference collection, which future tests use for comparison. - Check what changed. Review the resulting reference-file changes and keep the previous baselines recoverable, for example through version control. This is a prudent safeguard; the documentation describes the command behavior but does not prescribe a backup policy.
Approve only selected captures
To restrict promotion, use backstop approve --filter=<image_filename_regex>. The approval filter matches image filenames; it is distinct from a scenario-label filter used to limit which scenarios are captured by backstop test. Check that the filename pattern selects only the intended images before approving.
Keep the configuration consistent
If you ran the test with a custom configuration file, pass that same config path when approving. For example, use backstop approve --config=path/to/backstop.json, substituting the path used for the test. This helps ensure the approval continues the workflow for the same project configuration.
Why backstop reference needs extra care
backstop reference creates reference screenshots directly rather than first comparing test captures with the existing reference set. The BackstopJS npm documentation says this command deletes existing reference images by default before creating new ones. That makes it unsuitable as a casual substitute for reviewing and approving test results.
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The npm documentation describes --i as an incremental option that avoids deleting existing files in the reference directory first. Its effect and availability can depend on the installed version, so verify the behavior against your project’s BackstopJS version before relying on it. Use direct reference generation only when replacing or creating baselines without a comparison is deliberate.
Make visual comparisons reproducible
- Use the same environment: the BackstopJS README recommends Docker rendering to help keep rendering consistent across environments. It does not guarantee pixel-identical output in every setup.
- Use the same configuration: preserve the config path used for the test through approval, particularly when multiple configurations exist.
- Review meaningful page state: verify layout, content, viewport, and state before accepting a change. The documented workflow does not establish a universal acceptable mismatch threshold; decide based on the intended change and your project’s visual-test criteria.
Troubleshooting safe updates
Approval would promote the wrong screenshots
Approval acts on the most recent test batch. Run a fresh test with the intended configuration and scope, inspect that report, then approve. If only some captures should be promoted, use the image-filename filter rather than assuming the test’s scenario filter also limits approval.
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The reference directory lost existing images
backstop reference deletes existing reference images by default according to the npm documentation. Restore the prior files from version control or another backup if available. For future updates, use the test-and-approve workflow; if direct generation is required, verify the installed version’s incremental option before running it.
Differences appear unrelated to the code change
Confirm that the test used the intended URL, environment, page state, viewport, and configuration. Consider whether rendering differs between environments; Docker is the consistency approach recommended in the project README, though it cannot guarantee identical results everywhere.
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The CLI option or command does not behave as expected
BackstopJS documentation is version-sensitive: the README is on the moving master branch, and npm package documentation can change. Check the documentation matching the version installed in your project before relying on a flag or command behavior.
Or skip the browser setup
For a one-off screenshot through an API, ScreenshotNeo accepts a URL and returns an image or PDF. It is separate from BackstopJS and does not update or approve BackstopJS reference files. Its options include full-page captures, element captures, device viewports, custom CSS and JavaScript, and PDF settings. Cookie banners, popups, and chat widgets are removed before the shot; bot checks, blank pages, and failed loads are not billed; and an MCP server lets AI agents take screenshots.
Example cURL request; see the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for setup and options:
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