Start by identifying whether the fault is in the Incus cluster or its Ceph storage backend: they are separate systems, and an Incus cluster does not automatically use Ceph Object. For a Ceph-backed Incus bucket, check Incus member status first, then Ceph monitor quorum and network health, and only then investigate OSDs, hosts, disks, and I/O.
First confirm which storage system is failing
Incus clustering coordinates Incus servers through a distributed database and shared cluster configuration. Ceph Object is a separate Ceph cluster that an Incus storage pool can use; Incus buckets expose an S3-compatible interface. Other Incus deployments may use different storage drivers, so verify the pool’s actual driver before treating an object-access problem as a Ceph failure. The Incus bucket documentation describes bucket support on local storage drivers and remote cephobject pools, while the storage driver reference lists Ceph Object as cephobject.
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Record the symptom, affected Incus member, time window, storage pool and driver, and whether the issue affects Incus API or control-plane operations, instance placement, or S3 access to a bucket. The scope helps distinguish a member problem from a backend-wide storage incident.
Check Incus cluster member and leader status
Inspect cluster membership with the Incus client or API and determine whether a member is offline or the cluster has elected a new leader. According to the Incus clustering documentation, an unresponsive member is marked offline after the configured threshold. Operations on that member and state changes that require all members may then be unavailable. If the leader is lost, the remaining members elect another leader.
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The relevant setting is cluster.offline_threshold. The current Incus documentation gives a default of 20 seconds and a minimum of 10 seconds. These are configuration values, not a guarantee that every deployment marks a node offline after the same elapsed time; check the live cluster configuration before interpreting an apparent delay.
For Ceph incidents, check monitor quorum and network first
When the pool uses Ceph Object, begin with ceph health or ceph -s. Ceph’s Reef monitor troubleshooting guide recommends resolving monitor problems and establishing quorum before moving on to OSD troubleshooting. Check the network next: network faults can disrupt OSD operation and performance. As the Ceph documentation puts it, “Before troubleshooting the cluster’s OSDs, check the monitors and the network.”
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Compare Ceph health with the Incus timeline. If Incus reports a member issue while Ceph health is stable, investigate the Incus member and its connectivity. If Ceph reports quorum or network problems, address those conditions before drawing conclusions from slow or unavailable buckets.
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If Ceph reports OSDs down, identify which ones with ceph health detail or ceph osd tree down. The distribution matters: multiple down OSDs on one host point toward a host-level or network fault to investigate, while an isolated OSD calls for checking that daemon and its device path.
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- All OSDs on one host are down: investigate host hardware and network faults.
- An OSD stopped after a heartbeat or suicide-timeout failure: review kernel and system logs for drive or filesystem unresponsiveness.
- An OSD will not start: verify its configuration and confirm that the configured data and metadata paths exist and match the actual mounts.
Thread limits, connection tracking, and kernel compatibility can also matter in particular environments. Treat them as release- and host-specific possibilities, not universal fixes; validate applicability before changing kernel tunables.
Check free space, device behavior, and kernel evidence
Use these checks to collect evidence about a slow or failing storage path:
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df -hshows filesystem capacity and free space.iostat -xshows extended I/O statistics that can help reveal device behavior.dmesgshows kernel diagnostics, including device or filesystem messages.
None of these commands proves a root cause by itself. The Ceph Reef OSD troubleshooting guide identifies failing drives, filesystem or kernel bugs, cluster overload, and OSD daemon issues as possible explanations for slow requests. Correlate command output and logs with the affected host, OSD, and incident time rather than treating one signal as a diagnosis.
Use maintenance flags only for the right failure domain
Ceph documents noout behavior for maintenance, including flags targeted at an OSD or CRUSH bucket. Its current guidance cautions against treating the cluster-wide ceph osd set noout example as a modern general recommendation. Do not apply that command as a routine troubleshooting fix; follow the procedure for the Ceph release in use and the specific failure domain.
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Keep the diagnosis tied to the affected layer
Incus membership and leadership symptoms belong to the Incus control plane; quorum, network, OSD, device, capacity, and I/O symptoms belong to Ceph and its hosts. No command output or deployment-specific logs are available here to identify a particular root cause, so use the sequence above to narrow the fault before changing configuration or hardware.
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