Test a mobile app’s security on physical Android and iOS devices by first defining what is in scope, mapping relevant OWASP MASVS controls to MASTG test cases, and then verifying the app’s data handling, authentication, network behavior, platform integrations, and resilience on devices that represent its supported use. Pair repeatable automated checks with manual testing, include authorized backend requests—not just the app UI—and record enough detail to reproduce every result.
Start with scope, authorization, and a testable build
Before installing the app, agree on what may be tested and where. A repeatable assessment needs a known build, appropriate accounts, test data, a backend environment, and a defined device and OS scope. Treat these as engagement decisions: OWASP’s MASTG does not prescribe a universal device count or matrix.
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- Authorization: Identify the app, APIs, accounts, and environments you are authorized to test. Set boundaries for traffic generation, data changes, and any testing of connected services.
- Build and backend: Record the build identifier and use a designated test backend where possible. Agree on how to reset test data and handle actions that could affect other accounts.
- Accounts and roles: Prepare test accounts for each relevant role, including restricted or changed-role states where applicable. Never use real user data as test data.
- Platform scope: List supported Android and iOS releases and the app features that depend on particular hardware or platform services.
- Device state: Record make, model, OS release, and whether each device is stock, rooted, or jailbroken. Agree whether instrumentation is permitted.
- Exclusions and safety: Document systems and actions that are out of scope, how to stop testing, and whom to contact if a test causes unexpected impact.
OWASP’s MASTG focuses on smartphone apps for Android and iOS. Its methods can also apply to hybrid and web-based mobile apps because those apps use native components. Keep the platform and application architecture in view when deciding which cases are relevant.
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Choose MASVS controls, then turn them into tests
Use the OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard (MASVS) to describe the security expectations that matter for this app. Use the Mobile Application Security Testing Guide (MASTG) and its checklist to select verification cases and techniques for those expectations. MASVS is the requirements framework; MASTG is the testing resource. They can support manual assessment and automated checks during or after development, and can also be used separately when the assessment has a narrower objective.
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Do not treat the checklist as a requirement to run every test against every app. Select by threat model, data sensitivity, architecture, platform features, and the controls the app actually uses. A useful planning record looks like this:
| Area to assess | Questions to turn into test cases | Example evidence to record |
|---|---|---|
| Storage and privacy | What sensitive data is stored, where does it go during normal and interrupted flows, and is it protected appropriately? | Triggering action, observed location, data type, and protection observed |
| Cryptography | Are sensitive values protected with suitable platform or cryptographic mechanisms? | Relevant key or data-handling behavior and the test conditions |
| Authentication and authorization | Do sessions expire and can the backend reject an unauthorized or altered request? | Account role, request state, response, and affected action |
| Network communication | Are remote exchanges protected for confidentiality and integrity, with certificate validation behaving as expected? | Endpoint, network conditions, visible request or response data, and any limits on observation |
| Platform integration | Can an external entry point expose data or trigger an action in an unsafe state? | Entry point, device state, authentication state, and resulting behavior |
| Code quality and resilience | Do build settings, dependencies, integrity measures, and any tampering defenses fit the stated threat model? | Build configuration, relevant behavior, and rationale for applicability |
MASVS groups cover storage, cryptography, authentication and authorization, network communication, platform interaction, code quality, resilience, and privacy. Map each chosen test to the applicable control and mark it as passed, failed, not applicable, or not tested. A test marked not tested is not evidence that the control passed.
Select representative physical devices
Choose devices that reflect the app’s support commitments and intended users rather than assuming one phone represents every installation. Android device fragmentation matters: vendor and OS behavior varies, not every Android device offers hardware-backed secure storage, and some devices run older Android versions. A single modern flagship therefore cannot validate all Android behavior.
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For each candidate device, consider:
- Whether its OS release is within the app’s supported range and which planned upgrades need coverage.
- Manufacturer and OS variation for Android testing.
- Availability of hardware-backed key storage, biometrics, or other secure-hardware features used by the app.
- App-specific hardware such as NFC, camera, eSIM, or external accessories, when relevant.
- Whether the device is stock or modified and whether the test requires instrumentation.
- Whether the team can repeat a test with the same build and device state.
Record the exact model and OS release with each observation. An emulator can be useful for repeatable checks, but it does not by itself demonstrate behavior on real hardware. The devices and OS versions to test depend on the app’s support scope; OWASP does not set a universal count.
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Exercise local data handling and privacy
Use test accounts to follow sensitive information through ordinary, interrupted, and backgrounded workflows. Check the locations and platform behaviors relevant to the app, rather than looking only at the primary database.
- Start from a clean or documented device state and record the app build, account role, and test data used.
- Perform an action that handles sensitive data, such as signing in, viewing a protected record, or saving a setting. Record where the data appears and whether it remains after the workflow ends.
- Repeat relevant flows after interruption, app restart, device lock, or account change. Check whether sensitive content is exposed in files, databases, preferences, logs, caches, keyboard suggestions, screenshots or background snapshots, or backups.
- Inspect data exchanged through platform mechanisms that the app uses. Consider whether another app or a cloud backup could access data that should remain private.
- Map the observations to the selected storage and privacy controls, including what protection is present and what remains exposed.
OWASP identifies local storage, inter-process communication (IPC), cloud backup, keyboard caching, lost-device access, and hardware-backed key storage as relevant concerns. Minimize sensitive data and use platform-appropriate storage and key APIs. Do not put real users’ data in test fixtures or reports.
Test authentication, sessions, and backend authorization
Follow identity and session flows through the app and the authorized test backend. A client-side screen or disabled button is not a security boundary if a sensitive server action remains available through a request.
- Test login and logout, session renewal and expiry, app restart, and device lock and unlock.
- Where applicable, test biometric unlock and its fallback path; changing accounts; and role changes while a session is active.
- For sensitive actions, such as changing credentials or payment settings, verify whether the app requires reauthentication as intended.
- In the authorized test environment, attempt the relevant requests with credentials that are omitted, expired, or altered. Check that the backend rejects unauthorized actions rather than relying on a UI-only gate.
- Check whether tokens can be revoked and whether the app handles an invalidated session safely.
OWASP’s mobile guidance recommends server-side authentication and authorization, secure session handling, revocable tokens, and reauthentication for sensitive actions. Test only with accounts and systems in scope; record both the app’s displayed result and the server’s response where available.
Inspect network traffic without overclaiming
Use an approved test setup to observe relevant traffic and check encrypted transport, certificate validation, and the handling of sensitive request and response data. A proxy that cannot see traffic does not, by itself, prove that communication is secure: certificate pinning, mutual TLS, or the test environment may limit visibility.
- Identify the app’s remote endpoints and which flows carry sensitive data.
- Observe those flows under the approved test conditions. Check whether transport is protected and whether sensitive data is unnecessarily exposed in requests, responses, or error handling.
- Exercise relevant network changes and failure states, such as a disrupted connection, and note how the app handles retries, stale sessions, or incomplete actions.
- If certificate pinning is present, assess whether it fits the app’s threat model and operational requirements. Do not treat bypassing it as an objective in itself.
- Record what the setup allowed you to observe and what it did not. Separate an unobservable flow from a verified pass.
OWASP identifies secure TLS channels as a basic requirement and emphasizes confidentiality and integrity for data exchanged with remote endpoints. The appropriate assessment depends on the app’s actual endpoints and security model.
Probe platform entry points and app boundaries
Test the platform features the app actually exposes. These can provide routes into sensitive functionality outside the normal in-app navigation.
- Review requested permissions and the behavior when a permission is denied or later changed.
- Exercise deep links, universal links, Android intents, and URL parameters with expected, malformed, and unauthorized inputs.
- Where used, test app extensions, widgets, shortcuts, Siri integrations, and other platform entry points.
- Try relevant entry paths while unauthenticated or with the device locked, and check whether they reveal data or trigger sensitive actions.
- Assess whether another app can invoke functionality or read data through IPC or another app-to-app boundary.
OWASP highlights IPC misuse as a way data or functionality may be exposed, and notes that iOS shortcuts, Siri, widgets, and deep links can be sensitive entry points. Keep tests specific to the integrations present in the app.
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Assess code quality and resilience against the threat model
Review relevant build configuration, dependencies, debug settings, binary integrity, and the app’s behavior under the tampering conditions included in scope. MASVS and MASTG provide corresponding control areas and testing techniques.
Root or jailbreak detection and other anti-tamper measures should be assessed as controls with a defined purpose, not treated as proof that an app is secure. Decide what threats these measures are meant to address, whether they behave as intended on supported devices, and whether their operational impact is acceptable. A positive detection result does not replace testing storage, network, authorization, or other controls.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Combine automation with manual verification and traceable evidence
Automate stable checks that can be repeated reliably, then manually verify important user flows, platform-specific behavior, and edge cases on physical devices. OWASP describes the MASTG and checklist as a baseline for manual testing and a template for automated tests; neither removes the need to select cases for the app.
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- Build identifier, device model, and OS version.
- Account role, preconditions, and the exact steps or request used.
- Observed evidence and the expected behavior.
- Impact and the applicable MASVS control and MASTG case or technique.
- A status of passed, failed, not applicable, or not tested.
Keep evidence free of real user information. Make the result reproducible by including the relevant device state and test conditions, while protecting secrets such as tokens and credentials in stored artifacts.
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For a web page involved in a mobile workflow—such as a web-based sign-in or a page used to document a test—ScreenshotNeo can capture a visual record with one GET request. It is a website screenshot API, not a replacement for exercising a native app on a device, inspecting its traffic, or testing its authorization behavior. See the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for request options.
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- Bot checks or CAPTCHAs, blank pages, timeouts, failed loads, and cache hits are not billed; response headers state the page verdict and billing status.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Does passing the selected MASTG tests certify an app as secure?
No. The result is evidence about the controls and cases actually assessed under the recorded conditions; it does not establish that every vulnerability or threat has been covered.
Should security findings include screenshots?
Use screenshots only when they clarify a visual behavior, and remove secrets and personal information before sharing them. Pair visual evidence with the steps, device state, and technical observations needed to reproduce the finding.
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