Virtualmin turns one fresh Linux server into a multi-account hosting platform: each customer domain gets its own virtual server, quota, permissions, databases, mail settings and backups. For a reliable shared-style setup, start with a clean supported VPS, give it a unique hostname, choose Apache or Nginx and a full or mini installation before running the automated installer, then validate DNS, TLS, mail, resource limits and recovery before adding production sites.
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What you are building
A traditional shared-hosting arrangement separates unrelated websites on one server while centralizing administration. In Virtualmin, the main unit is a Virtual Server. You normally create one for every top-level domain, such as example.net and another-example.org. Each virtual server can have its own owner, password, disk quota, PHP settings, databases, mailboxes and feature permissions.
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Use a sub-server for a subordinate site that belongs to the same owner or domain family, and an alias when another domain should resolve to an existing site rather than have independent content. This structure is close to the way other hosting panels describe primary domains, add-on domains and parked domains, but the names are different.
The panel normally listens on HTTPS port 10000. Virtualmin configures the web server, DNS (when selected), mail services, databases and account files so that several domains can coexist on one machine. Your design choices matter before installation because the Apache and Nginx bundles are not interchangeable later without significant manual work.
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Check requirements before provisioning
Start with a clean supported operating system
Provision a new supported Linux VPS or dedicated server. Do not pre-install a web server, control panel, mail stack, database bundle or unrelated repositories. Extra packages and configuration changes can cause dependency conflicts or make the automated installer fail. The installer is intended to prepare the machine itself.
Plan storage for the operating system, Virtualmin, application files, logs, databases, mailboxes, temporary files and backups. Virtualmin lists at least 1 GiB of free disk space for the installation, with additional capacity required for domains and mail. That figure is an installation floor, not a sensible quota for a production host.
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Size memory for the services you will run
| Installation | Virtualmin guidance | Services commonly included or omitted | Best fit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Minimal or mini | About 1 GiB RAM can be sufficient | Web stack remains; local mail, spam filtering, antivirus, local DNS, FTP and Jailkit are omitted | Web-focused hosting that uses external DNS and mail, or a low-memory server |
| Full | About 4 GiB RAM or more to run well | Traditional all-in-one stack, including mail, spam and virus filtering, DNS, FTP and related services | Hosting accounts that need local mail and DNS on the same machine |
These are Virtualmin’s 2026 figures. Actual consumption rises with the number of sites, PHP workers, databases, mailboxes, spam scans and concurrent requests. Leave headroom rather than sizing exactly to the minimum.
Reserve a unique fully qualified hostname
Choose a name such as host.example.com. It must resolve to the server and must not also be one of the customer domains you intend to host. A stable hostname is used for administration, service certificates, mail identity and system diagnostics. Changing it after installation can require certificate, mail and service repairs.
Decide whether the server owns DNS and mail
A full installation can provide local authoritative DNS and mail. A mini installation does not include local DNS or local mail by default, so plan to use a registrar or managed DNS service and an external mail provider. This is not merely a performance choice: it changes which records, ports and troubleshooting tasks belong on your server.
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Choose Apache or Nginx before installation
| Choice | Use it when | Check before committing |
|---|---|---|
| Apache / LAMP | Your applications depend on Apache directives, .htaccess rewrites or established Apache administration practices. |
Confirm required PHP handlers, rewrite rules and modules are available in the selected bundle. |
| Nginx / LEMP | You prefer a reverse-proxy-oriented stack, static-file efficiency and centralized Nginx configuration. | Verify that each application supports Nginx configuration and that its rewrite or proxy rules have an equivalent. |
Virtualmin states that the bundle cannot be switched after installation without significant manual work. Select LAMP for Apache or LEMP for Nginx in the automated installer, and record the decision in your build documentation.
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Create the hostname record
At your DNS provider, create an address record for the hostname, for example an A record for host.example.com pointing to the VPS IPv4 address. Add an AAAA record only when IPv6 is correctly routed and configured on the server. A record that points to the wrong address can prevent certificate issuance and make the panel appear unavailable.
Plan records for hosted domains
For every website, point its web records to the server or to the front-end service you have chosen. If Virtualmin will serve mail, prepare the domain’s MX, SPF, DKIM and DMARC records as part of the mail rollout. If mail is external, leave the external provider’s MX records authoritative and do not accidentally replace them with the web server’s address.
Allow administrative and web traffic
Ensure that the VPS firewall or provider security group permits SSH for administration, HTTPS for the panel and websites, and HTTP when you need certificate HTTP validation or redirects. Mail hosting additionally requires the SMTP, submission, IMAP or POP ports used by your design. Restrict SSH and panel access to trusted networks where practical, and avoid exposing database ports publicly.
Install Virtualmin with the automated method
Virtualmin recommends its automated installer because it configures the packages and virtual-hosting services together. Use the official virtualmin-install.sh procedure over SSH as root, or with the root-capable method documented for your operating system. Do not improvise package substitutions during the installation.
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- Connect to the new server, for example with
ssh [email protected], or use the provider’s console if DNS is not ready. - Confirm the hostname is set to your chosen fully qualified name and that it resolves to this server. Fix the hostname and DNS first if they do not agree.
- Download and run Virtualmin’s current automated installer, selecting the Apache/LAMP or Nginx/LEMP bundle and the full or mini type.
- Read the installer prompts and allow it to install the repositories, web server, language runtimes, mail and DNS components selected for that type. Do not interrupt package configuration unless the installer reports an error.
- Wait for the script to finish, then note any warnings and reboot only when the installer or your operating-system procedure requires it.
When the hostname resolves publicly and the required ports are reachable, the installer can obtain a TLS certificate for the hostname. If issuance is not yet possible, log in temporarily by IP address, correct DNS or firewall reachability, and then replace the temporary certificate through the normal Virtualmin certificate workflow.
Secure the first login and complete the wizard
- Open
https://host.example.com:10000. If DNS or the certificate is still being corrected, use the server IP temporarily and expect a browser warning. - Sign in with the administrative credentials created during installation. Change any temporary or provider-generated password immediately and store it in an approved password manager.
- Complete the post-install wizard. Review the memory, database, mail, DNS and virus-scanning choices instead of accepting every optional service blindly.
- On the List Virtual Servers page, run Check Configuration. Resolve hostname, DNS, service, repository and package warnings before creating customer accounts.
- Restrict administrative access with firewall rules, key-based SSH, strong panel credentials and, where available, multifactor authentication. Keep the system and Virtualmin packages on supported update channels.
Do not treat a successful login as proof that hosting is ready. Check Configuration catches problems that may not be visible until a domain, certificate, database or mailbox is created.
Create the shared-style account structure
Create one Virtual Server per independent domain
- Choose Create Virtual Server in Virtualmin.
- Enter the fully qualified domain, such as
customer.example, and select the owner or create a new owner account. - Set the owner password, disk quota and enabled features. Disable services the plan does not provide.
- Choose the PHP or other runtime options required by the application, then enable only the database engines and versions you actually support.
- Review mail, DNS, scheduled-job, file-management and backup permissions before saving.
- After creation, verify the generated document root, DNS records, web response and owner login with a test page before publishing the application.
Use sub-servers and aliases deliberately
Create a sub-server when a related site needs a separate document root or settings but should remain under the same owner and quota policy. Use an alias when several names should display the same existing site. Separate top-level customers into separate Virtual Servers so ownership, quotas and recovery boundaries remain clear.
Apply quotas and feature permissions
A shared-style service needs limits before customers arrive. Set disk and database quotas, define mailbox limits, restrict the number of databases and scheduled jobs, and decide whether customers may change PHP settings, create mail users, manage DNS or run scripts. Per-owner permissions prevent one account from turning a small VPS into an uncontrolled multi-tenant environment.
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Local DNS versus provider DNS
| Model | Advantages | Operational costs and risks |
|---|---|---|
| Local BIND managed by Virtualmin | Central control of zones, convenient creation of records with new virtual servers and direct delegation. | You must secure and monitor DNS, arrange authoritative nameserver delegation and consider redundancy if the host fails. |
| Registrar or managed DNS | Independent DNS infrastructure, provider redundancy and no local DNS daemon on a mini installation. | You must create and maintain records outside Virtualmin, including verification, mail authentication and certificate-related records. |
Choose one authoritative source for each zone. Delegating a domain to local nameservers while also editing a different provider’s zone produces confusing, inconsistent results.
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Issue certificates only after DNS works
Point the domain’s web records correctly, allow propagation, and then request its certificate in Virtualmin. Test both the bare domain and the www name if both are used. Redirect HTTP to HTTPS only after the certificate and application URLs are correct; otherwise a redirect can hide the original DNS or certificate error.
Keep web-server configuration compatible
Apache applications may depend on directory-level rewrite rules. Nginx applications generally require equivalent server-block or proxy configuration. Test clean URLs, uploads, background requests, file permissions and large-request handling on a staging domain before moving a production site.
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Web hosting and mail hosting are separate operational commitments. If you host mail locally, plan MX records, mailbox storage, submission authentication, spam and virus filtering, SPF, DKIM and DMARC, TLS, queue monitoring and outbound reputation. A server that can deliver a message is not automatically trusted to deliver it successfully.
If mail is external, keep the external provider’s MX records and configure only the web and verification records needed by the application. On a mini installation, this external-service model is expected because local mail and filtering components are absent by default.
Test a complete mail path: inbound delivery, authenticated submission, SPF and DKIM alignment, DMARC policy behavior, mailbox quota enforcement and bounce handling. Keep mail storage separate from web quotas when your service plan promises a defined mailbox allowance.
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Enable databases and application runtimes carefully
Install or enable only the database engines and versions required by the applications you will host. Each Virtual Server should receive its own database credentials and least-privilege grants; do not reuse the administrative database account in application configuration.
- Record the engine and version assigned to each customer application.
- Set database quotas and connection limits that match the VPS memory available.
- Require encrypted administrative access and keep database listeners private unless a documented remote connection is necessary.
- Test application upgrades against the selected PHP and database versions before changing the shared runtime.
- Include databases in the same backup policy as the associated files, and test that a dump can be restored.
Build security and resource controls into the service
- Patch consistently: Apply operating-system and Virtualmin updates through supported package mechanisms, with a maintenance window for services that may restart.
- Reduce exposure: Close unused ports, limit SSH sources, protect port
10000, and never expose database administration interfaces without a specific need. - Separate owners: Keep unrelated customers in separate Virtual Servers and avoid granting administrative privileges to site owners.
- Watch capacity: Monitor disk usage, inode counts, memory pressure, CPU, web error logs, database logs and mail queues.
- Control abuse: Set quotas and outgoing mail limits, investigate sudden queue growth and suspend compromised accounts without taking down unrelated sites.
- Preserve evidence: Retain relevant authentication, web and mail logs long enough to investigate incidents while following your privacy and retention obligations.
Virtualmin’s documentation provides dedicated troubleshooting areas for DNS, email, databases and repositories. Use those procedures when Check Configuration or a service test identifies a component-level fault instead of making ad-hoc edits that the panel may later overwrite.
Design backups that survive a lost VPS
A backup on the same disk is useful for accidental deletion but does not protect against disk failure, a compromised host or provider loss. Schedule Virtualmin backups to storage separate from production and retain multiple generations.
Choose what each backup contains
Virtualmin backups can include home directories, databases, DNS records and web-server directives. Select the components required to recreate each Virtual Server, not just the document root. For mail-hosted domains, include mailbox data and the configuration needed to restore delivery.
Use a practical destination and retention policy
| Destination | Strength | Limitation |
|---|---|---|
| Local disk | Fast creation and fast restores on a healthy host. | Lost with the VPS, storage failure or destructive compromise unless copied elsewhere. |
| Off-server or object storage | Protects against loss of the production host and supports independent retention. | Transfers cost time and storage; restores depend on credentials, network access and the provider’s availability. |
Test restoration, not just backup completion
- Create a scheduled backup for each Virtual Server and include the files, databases, DNS records and Apache or Nginx directives needed for recovery.
- Copy backups off the production host and keep more than one generation.
- Document the storage credentials, encryption keys, retention period and restore destination.
- Perform a test restore to an isolated target. Verify files, database contents, DNS data, virtual-host configuration and owner access.
- Record how long the restore takes and update quotas or storage capacity before the next test.
Virtualmin can restore backups and recreate virtual servers on another system. Owner-level restores are intentionally restricted, so administrators should define who performs recovery and how requests are authenticated.
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Troubleshoot the failures that appear first
The panel does not open
- Confirm the server is running and that port
10000is allowed by both the VPS firewall and provider security group. - Resolve the hostname from an external network and compare the result with the server’s public address.
- Use the IP address temporarily to distinguish DNS failure from a service or firewall failure.
- Check the Virtualmin and web-service status locally, then review system logs for package or certificate errors.
A certificate cannot be issued
- Verify that every requested name resolves to this server and that HTTP or the selected validation path is reachable.
- Remove stale conflicting records and wait for DNS propagation.
- Confirm the hostname is not being served by another proxy or old VPS during validation.
- Issue the certificate again after DNS and firewall corrections, then test renewal before relying on it in production.
A site shows the wrong content
- Check that the request’s hostname matches the Virtual Server and that the domain’s A or AAAA records are correct.
- Inspect the virtual-host or server-block document root and confirm file ownership.
- Clear application and proxy caches only after confirming the server is receiving the request.
Mail is not delivered
- Check MX records and confirm they point to the intended mail system.
- Verify mailbox quotas, service status and the mail queue.
- Inspect SPF, DKIM and DMARC alignment and the recipient’s rejection message.
- If mail is external, remove accidental local MX records and follow the external provider’s required DNS values.
Check Configuration reports warnings
Resolve warnings in hostname resolution, DNS delegation, repositories, package versions and service availability before onboarding customers. A warning that seems unrelated can later prevent automated certificates, backups or account creation.
A launch checklist for each hosted domain
- Domain and hostname records resolve to the intended addresses.
- The Virtual Server owner, quota and feature permissions match the service plan.
- The test page, application runtime, rewrites, uploads and scheduled jobs work.
- HTTPS is valid for every production hostname and renews successfully.
- Mail records and mailbox or external-provider settings are correct, if mail is part of the plan.
- Database credentials use least privilege and the application can connect.
- A backup includes the files, database and configuration, is stored off-server and has passed a restore test.
- Monitoring covers disk, memory, logs, certificate expiry, database health and mail queues.
Which design is right for your server?
Choose a full installation when you intentionally want an all-in-one hosting server with local mail, spam and virus filtering, DNS and FTP, and you can provide roughly 4 GiB RAM or more plus growth capacity. Choose mini when the server is primarily for websites, memory is limited, and DNS and mail will be supplied elsewhere.
Choose Apache/LAMP when application compatibility and existing Apache rules are the priority. Choose Nginx/LEMP when your team is comfortable translating application rewrites and proxy requirements into Nginx configuration. Keep DNS local only when you accept the responsibility for authoritative service and redundancy; otherwise use an independent DNS provider. In every design, send backups off the host and test a complete restore.
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