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On a supported Ubuntu or Debian server, the native Apache installation is three commands: add the signed mod_pagespeed repository, install the mod-pagespeed package, and restart Apache. The package enables the module, installs /etc/apache2/mods-available/pagespeed.conf, and configures the companion optimizer worker. Supported package targets are Debian 12 or 13 and Ubuntu 22.04 or 24.04 running Apache 2.4 or newer.
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curl -fsSL https://packages.modpagespeed.com/install.sh | sudo sh
sudo apt-get install mod-pagespeed
sudo systemctl restart apache2What mod_pagespeed is and what the package installs
mod_pagespeed 2.1 is split into two cooperating parts: an Apache module that runs in the web server and an optimizer worker that performs the heavier processing beside it. Apache receives a request, the module applies the enabled optimization filters, and the worker handles tasks such as rewriting and caching optimized resources. The Debian and Ubuntu package supplies the integration between those pieces, so you do not normally start or wire the worker by hand.
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There is no single guaranteed speed percentage for every site. Results depend on page structure, cache state, origin latency, TLS, image formats, JavaScript, and the filters you enable. Treat the installation as an optimization framework that you measure on your own traffic, not as a promised benchmark.
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Check compatibility before installing
Use the native package only when the server matches the supported baseline documented for the current package series.
| Requirement | Supported baseline | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| Operating system | Debian 12 or Debian 13 | The signed repository publishes packages for these Debian releases. |
| Operating system | Ubuntu 22.04 or Ubuntu 24.04 | These Ubuntu releases are listed in the current prerequisite matrix. |
| Web server | Apache 2.4 or newer | The module must match the Apache API and module-loading model. |
| Privileges | Root or an account that can use sudo |
Adding an apt source, installing a package, and restarting Apache require administrative access. |
| Storage | A writable location for the PageSpeed file cache | The optimizer stores generated resources and metadata on disk. |
Confirm the operating system and Apache version
Run these checks before changing apt configuration:
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apache2 -vRead the PRETTY_NAME and VERSION_ID values from the first command. The second command should report Apache 2.4 or a later 2.4 release. If the server is an older distribution, an unsupported Apache build, or a different web server, stop and use an integration that is explicitly supported for that environment rather than forcing the Debian/Ubuntu package.
Check disk space and the cache location
PageSpeed needs a writable file cache. Before installation, check the filesystem that will hold it:
df -h
findmnt -no TARGET,OPTIONS /var/cacheThe packaged configuration supplies a cache path. Confirm that the directory exists and that the Apache process can write to it after installation. A full filesystem, read-only mount, or restrictive ownership can make the module appear installed while preventing optimization work from completing.
Install the signed package on Ubuntu or Debian
1. Add the official apt repository
The supported installation starts with the vendor’s repository script:
curl -fsSL https://packages.modpagespeed.com/install.sh | sudo shThe script configures the apt source and its signing key. The -f option makes curl fail on an HTTP error, -sS keeps normal output quiet while still showing errors, and -L follows redirects. Review the script output for the detected distribution and repository configuration. If curl is not installed, install it from your distribution’s existing repositories first, or download and inspect the script before executing it in an environment where your security policy requires review.
Do not mix repository definitions from different operating-system releases. A Debian source on Ubuntu, or a source for a release different from the host, can create dependency conflicts and an installation that apt cannot safely upgrade.
2. Install mod_pagespeed
Once the source has been added, install the package with apt:
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sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install mod-pagespeedThe explicit apt-get update refreshes package metadata after the new source is added. The install step places the Apache module and the optimizer-worker components, enables the Apache integration, and drops the default configuration. Accepting the package’s dependencies is expected; rejecting them leaves the setup incomplete.
3. Restart Apache
Apply the newly installed module and configuration by restarting Apache:
sudo systemctl restart apache2A restart is preferable to assuming that an already-running process has loaded the new module. Check the service immediately if systemd reports an error:
sudo systemctl status apache2 --no-pager
sudo journalctl -u apache2 -n 100 --no-pagerIf Apache fails to start, do not repeatedly restart it. First validate the configuration and read the journal so you can correct the actual syntax, permission, or module-loading problem.
Review the Apache configuration
Open pagespeed.conf
On Debian and Ubuntu, inspect the package file here:
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Use a text editor with administrative privileges only when you have a specific change to make. Keep a copy of the vendor defaults before substantial edits:
sudo cp /etc/apache2/mods-available/pagespeed.conf /etc/apache2/mods-available/pagespeed.conf.backupAfter editing, test syntax before restarting:
sudo apache2ctl configtestA successful check reports Syntax OK. If it identifies a directive or path error, fix that error first. A restart with invalid configuration can take the entire web service offline.
Understand where directives apply
PageSpeed directives can be global or limited to an Apache context. Depending on what you are trying to protect or exclude, place them in the appropriate scope:
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- Global server configuration: applies broadly to the Apache instance.
- Virtual host: affects one site while leaving other hosted domains unchanged.
<Directory>: targets files served from a filesystem directory.<Location>: targets a URL path..htaccess: works only where Apache allows overrides and can be useful when site owners cannot edit the virtual-host file.
For example, to disable processing for an administrative URL, place ModPagespeed off in an appropriate <Location> block. To exclude files under a filesystem tree, use a matching <Directory> block. Scope exceptions narrowly; disabling the module globally defeats the purpose of installing it and can make troubleshooting less informative.
Use a virtual-host exception safely
A common pattern is to leave the global default enabled while turning it off for a path that must remain byte-for-byte unchanged:
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName example.test
DocumentRoot /var/www/example
<Location /admin/>
ModPagespeed off
</Location>
</VirtualHost>Replace the example host and path with values from your own configuration. After adding an exception, run sudo apache2ctl configtest and restart Apache only after the test passes. A URL-based <Location> rule and a filesystem-based <Directory> rule do not match the same things, so choose based on whether the exception is about the public URL or the underlying files.
Verify that mod_pagespeed is working
Check the response header
Request a page through the same hostname and protocol that visitors use, then inspect the headers:
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curl -I https://example.test/Look for the X-Mod-Pagespeed response header. Its presence is the quickest indication that the request passed through the module. Test a real HTML page rather than only a static file or a health check that may be excluded by configuration. If a reverse proxy or CDN sits in front of Apache, make sure you are inspecting the origin response or that the proxy is not removing the header.
Observe cache MISS and HIT behavior
PageSpeed commonly needs an initial request to generate optimized resources. Fetch the same URL twice and inspect the headers each time:
curl -sSI https://example.test/ | grep -i -E 'x-mod-pagespeed|cache|pagespeed'
sleep 2
curl -sSI https://example.test/ | grep -i -E 'x-mod-pagespeed|cache|pagespeed'The first request can show a cache MISS, while a later request can show a HIT after the optimizer has written the result. A MISS is not an installation failure; it is expected when an item has not been generated, has expired, or was invalidated. Compare requests for a page that actually contains optimizable assets and allow enough time for the worker to finish.
Use the PageSpeed-off comparison
To compare an individual request without optimization, append ?PageSpeed=off to the URL:
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Inspect the administrator interface and worker health
The installation exposes the /pagespeed_global_admin administration interface when it is enabled by the package configuration. Use it to inspect cache activity, filter status, and related operational information. Protect this path with the same access controls you apply to other administrative endpoints; it should not be casually exposed to the public internet.
When requests remain in MISS state or optimization stops, check the optimizer worker health endpoint described in the official configuration documentation. Confirm that the worker is reachable from the Apache module, that its process is running, and that the cache directory remains writable. The exact endpoint and access method can vary with the packaged configuration, so use the path shown by the installed file and the version-specific documentation rather than guessing a URL.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Troubleshoot common installation and runtime failures
The repository script fails
- Confirm outbound HTTPS access and DNS resolution from the server.
- Verify that the system clock is accurate enough for TLS certificate validation.
- Check that the distribution release is Debian 12/13 or Ubuntu 22.04/24.04.
- Read the script’s error output before retrying; a failed repository setup means apt should not be expected to find the package.
If your organization prohibits piping network content directly to a shell, download the script, inspect it, and execute it according to your security procedures. The repository still needs to be configured with its signing key so apt can verify packages.
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apt cannot find mod-pagespeed
Run sudo apt-get update and inspect the apt source files created by the installer. Confirm that the source matches the host’s distribution and architecture and that apt did not disable it because of a signature or connectivity error. Installing an unrelated package with a similar name will not provide the Apache module.
Apache will not restart
- Run
sudo apache2ctl configtest. - Read
sudo journalctl -u apache2 -n 100 --no-pager. - Look for a misspelled directive, an invalid cache path, a missing module dependency, or a port already in use.
- Restore the last known-good configuration if a recent edit caused the failure, then test again.
Do not delete the package configuration as a first response. The error usually identifies the exact file and line that needs correction.
The header is missing
- Make sure the request reaches this Apache instance, not a CDN, load balancer, or different origin.
- Confirm that the request’s virtual host has not disabled PageSpeed in a
<Location>,<Directory>, or.htaccessrule. - Check that
ModPagespeed onis present in the effective configuration. - Restart Apache after changes and request a dynamic page again.
- Check whether an upstream proxy strips
X-Mod-Pagespeedbefore it reaches your client.
Everything remains a cache MISS
First, verify that the cache directory exists and is writable by the account Apache uses. Check disk space and filesystem mount options. Then inspect the administrator interface and worker health information. A constantly changing query string, frequent deployments, short cache lifetimes, or an excluded path can also prevent a stable HIT from appearing. Compare the same URL without changing its query parameters so that you are testing one cache key.
Only some sites or paths are optimized
This usually indicates configuration scope rather than a broken installation. Search the active virtual-host files and .htaccess files for ModPagespeed off or narrower rules. Remember that a <Location> path matches URLs while <Directory> matches filesystem paths; a rule in the wrong context may not affect the request you intended.
Choose the right deployment model
The native Apache package is not the only architecture, but it is the most direct choice when Apache is your origin web server and the host matches the supported matrix.
| Deployment choice | Best fit | Operational difference |
|---|---|---|
| Apache native module | Apache 2.4 on supported Debian or Ubuntu | The module runs in Apache, while the package manages the companion worker and default wiring. |
| Separate optimizer worker behind another server | Environments where Apache is not the public edge or where optimization is centralized | You must manage the proxy boundary, worker lifecycle, routing, and configuration separately. |
| nginx or reverse-proxy integration | Sites whose front end is nginx or another proxy rather than Apache | Configuration locations, request flow, and cache ownership differ from the Apache module model. |
The official material does not establish a performance winner among these choices. Select based on your web-server topology, supported versions, operational ownership, and where you want optimization rules to apply. If Apache serves the content directly, the native package avoids introducing an additional proxy hop merely to run the optimizer.
Operate the installation safely
Protect administrative surfaces
Restrict /pagespeed_global_admin to trusted administrators through Apache access controls, a private network, or an upstream authentication layer. Treat worker health information as operational data, not a public application endpoint.
Plan cache storage
Monitor the filesystem containing ModPagespeedFileCachePath. Cache growth, log growth, and unrelated application files can compete for space. A full disk can cause failed writes and turn an otherwise healthy installation into a sequence of MISS responses. If you move the cache, create the destination with ownership and permissions that allow the Apache process to write, update the directive, run apache2ctl configtest, and restart.
Roll out changes gradually
Start with the packaged defaults on one virtual host or a low-risk site. Verify headers, MISS-to-HIT behavior, and application correctness before expanding the scope. If a filter causes a rendering or script problem, use a narrowly scoped exception while you investigate instead of switching the entire server off. Keep configuration changes in version control so that you can identify and reverse them.
Separate functional checks from speed measurements
Header and cache checks prove that the module is participating; they do not prove that pages are faster for every visitor. For a meaningful performance evaluation, compare the same URLs with equivalent cache states, network conditions, device classes, and backend load. Record whether compression, CDN caching, browser caching, and other optimizers are active. Because no authoritative universal percentage is published for this setup, report your own measured results with those conditions attached.
Uninstall or temporarily disable mod_pagespeed
Disable processing without removing the package
For a controlled diagnostic, set ModPagespeed off in the narrowest applicable context or use ?PageSpeed=off for one request. Validate and restart after a configuration change:
sudo apache2ctl configtest
sudo systemctl restart apache2A scoped rule lets the rest of the server continue using PageSpeed while you isolate one site or path.
Remove the package
If you decide the module is not appropriate, remove it through apt rather than deleting files manually:
sudo apt-get remove mod-pagespeedReview the package manager’s proposed changes before confirming. Removing the package can leave edited configuration or cache data behind, depending on how those files were changed. After removal, run sudo apache2ctl configtest and restart Apache, then verify that the X-Mod-Pagespeed header is no longer present on requests that previously used the module.
Quick Recap
Installation checklist
- The host is Debian 12/13 or Ubuntu 22.04/24.04.
- Apache is version 2.4 or newer.
- You have root or sudo access and enough writable disk space.
- The signed repository was added with the official install script.
mod-pagespeedwas installed with apt./etc/apache2/mods-available/pagespeed.confcontainsModPagespeed onand a writableModPagespeedFileCachePath.sudo apache2ctl configtestreturnsSyntax OK.- Apache restarted successfully.
- A real page returns
X-Mod-Pagespeed. - Repeated requests show the expected cache transition, and
?PageSpeed=offprovides a clean comparison. - The global admin and worker health surfaces are restricted to authorized users.
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